What is osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease, which is prone to fracture due to the decline of bone mineral density and bone quality, the destruction of bone microstructure, and the increase of bone fragility. Osteoporosis is divided into primary and secondary. Primary osteoporosis is divided into postmenopausal osteoporosis (type I), senile osteoporosis (type II), and idiopathic osteoporosis (including juvenile type). Postmenopausal osteoporosis usually occurs within 5 ~ 10 years after menopause; Senile osteoporosis generally refers to osteoporosis occurring after the age of 70; Idiopathic osteoporosis mainly occurs in adolescents, and the etiology is unknown.
What efforts have people made to cope with osteoporosis?
In order to raise the awareness of governments and people around the world on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, the British National Osteoporosis Society established the world Osteoporosis Day in 1996. In 1998, the World Health Organization (who) began to participate in and act as a co-sponsor, changing the world osteoporosis day to October 20 of each year.
In recent years, with the obvious aging trend in the world, especially the high-quality public welfare in European and American countries, the upper age limit of the population has been updated, and chronic diseases have become one of the thorny problems in these countries. For example, the incidence of chronic kidney disease, rheumatism, diabetes, and osteoporosis has reached new highs, especially the harm caused by osteoporosis is becoming more and more serious. Some data show that by 2020, the number of people suffering from osteoporosis or osteopenia in Europe and the United States will reach 28.66 million. If this continues, we have reason to believe that this number will double in 30 years.
What is the harm of osteoporosis?
The first shock after illness is pain, which will directly reduce the patient's quality of life. If it is not contained, it will lead to spinal deformation, and a long-term decline in bone quality, and it is very easy to be disabled due to fracture. If it is light, the patient will have limited activities and can't take care of themselves, increasing the incidence of pulmonary infection and bedsores, and bringing a heavy economic burden to individuals, families, and society. The specific analysis is as follows:
Osteoporosis itself includes three types of symptoms
(1) Patients with pain may have back pain or body pain. When the load increases, the pain becomes worse or the activity is limited. In severe cases, it is difficult to turn over, sit up and walk.
(2) Spine deformation and severe osteoporosis may lead to height shortening and hump. Vertebral compression fractures can lead to thoracic deformity, and abdominal compression, and affect cardiopulmonary function.
(3) Fractures not caused by trauma or minor trauma are brittle fractures. It is a low-energy or nonviolent fractures, such as a fall from or below the standing height or a fracture caused by other daily activities. The common sites of brittle fracture were thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, hip, radius, distal ulna, and proximal humerus.
How to prevent this disease?
1. Try to obtain the ideal peak bone mass and reduce the risk of osteoporosis in the future.
From the beginning of adolescence, exercise should be strengthened to ensure adequate calcium intake. At the same time, various diseases, especially chronic consumptive diseases, malnutrition, and malabsorption, should be actively treated to prevent various gonadal dysfunction diseases and growth and development diseases; Avoid long-term use of drugs that affect bone metabolism,
2. How to use supplements and osteoporosis drugs.
Calcium supplement in adults is a basic measure to prevent osteoporosis. It can not be used alone as a treatment drug for osteoporosis, but only as a basic auxiliary drug. Adult prevention mainly includes two aspects. First, try to delay the rate and degree of bone loss. For postmenopausal women, the recognized measure is to supplement estrogen or estrogen and progesterone mixture as soon as possible. The second is to prevent the occurrence of fractures in patients with osteoporosis. Avoiding the risk factors of fracture can significantly reduce the incidence of fracture.