What is Alzheimer's disease？
Alzheimer's disease, also known as Alzheimer's disease, is caused by the aging and degeneration of neurons in the cerebral cortex. The first symptom of the patient is memory loss. This part of memory is mainly the recent memory. It is easy to forget what you ate in the morning or what you just wanted to do, but the long-term memory, such as things in your youth, will be very clear. Secondly, there may be behavioral abnormalities, such as anxiety, depression, sensitivity, paranoia, and often looking for things. Some patients can't find their home after going out, and then they realize that there is a disease.
Patients with Alzheimer's disease will have atrophy of all cerebral cortex. After severe brain atrophy, they will have mental symptoms, which can be accompanied by hallucinations and loss of relevant self-care ability. Therefore, this kind of disease is a process of slow progress. At present, there are many studies and drugs used, but they can not prevent the disease progress, and can only try to delay the progress. Therefore, early detection and early treatment are very important.
At present, there are two main categories of drugs that can improve cognitive function:
1. Among the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, Donepezil, rivastigmine and huperzine A are commonly used at present. They can mainly increase the level of acetylcholine in the brain and play a role by inhibiting the hydrolysis of acetylcholine by cholinesterase. When the level of acetylcholine increases, it can strengthen the transmission of prominence and improve cognition.
2. N-methyl-D aspartate receptor antagonists are mainly represented by memantine. This drug can regulate glutamate activity and is suitable for patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease.
3. Sometimes brain metabolic activators can also be used, such as oxiracetam, aniracetam, piracetam, etc. However, the efficacy of this drug is still uncertain, and it is only used when there is no other drug treatment.
In addition to the above commonly used products, the following can be used for reference.
The third is the calcium antagonist, nimodipine, and flunarizine.
The fourth category is the reactivating agent of brain metabolism. It is mainly ergot derivatives or vitamins.
The fifth category is antioxidants, which mainly represent the drug Slejilan.
The sixth category is anti-hypoxia drugs, which mainly improve the uptake and utilization of glucose in brain tissue, restore aerobic metabolism and increase the energy supply of brain cells, such as lamotrigine.
There are also neuropeptides such as Cerebrolysin or others such as Cytidine Diphosphate Choline, Ginkgo biloba extract, and so on.
The above scheme is for reference only. Please use the specific drugs under the guidance of a professional doctor in combination with your own situation.
COLURACETAM is a kind of intelligence drug. What are the characteristics of the drug?
COLURACETAM (MKC-231) is a racetam drug, which is said to be a cognitive enhancing drug. When cholinergic activity is impaired, it can ingest choline into neurons. However, there is no evidence that there is an inherent intelligence promoting effect.
BCI-540 appears to interact with a process called high-affinity choline uptake (HACU), which is the rate-limiting step in the uptake of choline into neurons to synthesize the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Increasing the HACU rate seems to increase the activity of cholinergic neurons, so it is an ideal target for cognitive enhancement.
The intervention in rats (there is no human evidence at present) supports the use of very low doses of BCI-540 to protect HACU, otherwise, HACU will be damaged by the use of research drugs known to damage HACU.
MKC-231 is a synthetic drug of the racetam family, which aims to support cholinergic function, especially in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
According to the water maze evaluation, MKC-231 can reduce the learning defects seen by choline uptake inhibitors and show activity in rats at the dose of 1-10mg/kg. In other studies, the effect of 300-3000mcg of MKC-231 was not detected after a single administration. Although there was no detectable MKC-231 in the brain, the cognitive benefit of the study model (AF64A treatment) was extended by two days in 1-3mg/kg of MKC-231 after the supplement was cut off.
Coluracetam seems to be able to maintain cholinergic function or normalize cholinergic dysfunction in the case of insufficient chemically damaged HACU.