Heat stroke is the most serious category of severe heatstroke (heat spasms, heat exhaustion), and is a fatal acute disease. As many places in the northern hemisphere enter continuous high temperatures, heat stroke occurs frequently in various places. According to statistics, in extreme high temperatures in summer, 17.6 to 26.5 people in every 100,000 people in the general population will suffer from classic heat stroke. The mortality rate of this type of patients after hospitalization reaches 14% to 65%, while the mortality rate of patients admitted to the intensive care unit exceeds 60%. For people who work in physical labor under high temperatures, 8 to 18 out of every 100 patients with heat illness develop labor-type heat stroke. If the blood pressure drops at the same time, the mortality rate will exceed 30%.
What are the classic cases of heatstroke?
On July 5, 2025, Mr. Wang, 73, from Jianghan District, insisted on not turning on the air conditioner due to continuous high temperature weather and relied on electric fans to cool down. Later, he fell into a coma after being heatstroke and was sent to the hospital and was diagnosed with severe heatstroke disease. Fortunately, he was treated in time and was out of danger of life. A 37-year-old courier in Xinyang, Henan insisted on delivering express delivery in high temperature weather. Unfortunately, he suffered from Fainting due to heat and died after ineffective rescue. A truck driver in Wenzhou City was in a coma due to the high temperature in the car, and was rushed to the hospital for emergency treatment. The doctor diagnosed him with heat stroke.
What are the high-risk groups of heatstroke?
Heat stroke is actually the most severe type of heatstroke. According to the severity of heatstroke, it can be divided into precursor heatstroke, mild heatstroke and severe heatstroke. Severe heatstroke also includes heat cramps, heat exhaustion and Heat stroke.
"Heat stroke is a fatal acute disease, mainly manifested as high fever (rectal temperature ≥41 degrees Celsius;) and consciousness disorders. The early affected organs are the brain, liver, kidney and heart in turn." According to the data, according to the status and pathogenesis of the patient at the time of the disease, there are two types of clinically divided into two types.
One is laborative heat stroke, which mainly occurs when the body produces too much heat in high temperature environments. It is mostly caused by high temperature, high humidity, windless weather, heavy physical labor or strenuous exercise. Most of the patients are young people who are healthy on weekdays. About 50% of the patients sweat a lot, their heart rate can reach 160~180 times per minute, and their pulse pressure increases. This type of patient may develop rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure, liver failure, diffuse intravascular coagulation or multi-organ failure, and the mortality rate is high.
The other is non-laborative heat stroke, which is mainly caused by body temperature regulation dysfunction and reduce heat dissipation in high temperature environments. In high temperature environments, it is more common in middle-aged and weak people living in crowded and poor ventilation. Other high-risk groups include schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, chronic alcoholism, and hemiplegia or paraplegia. It shows dry, hot and red skin, no sweating in 84% to 100% of the cases, and the rectal temperature is often above 41℃, up to 46.5℃. Early manifestations are behavioral abnormalities or epilepsy, followed by delirium, coma and pupil shrinkage. In severe cases, hypotension, shock, arrhythmia, heart failure, pulmonary edema, and cerebral edema may occur. About 5% of the cases experience acute renal failure and often die about 24 hours after the onset of the disease.
Regarding the high-risk groups of people with heat stroke, doctors from a certain Grade A hospital listed a clear scope: infants and young children and elderly people over 65 years old, frail and sick, overweight or with chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are the first to be affected; in addition, people who perform sports, training, outdoor activities in high temperatures, as well as those who drink alcohol or take drugs such as body heat dissipation and sweating, also face higher risks of disease.
How to first aid after heat stroke?
When you find that people around you are unconscious, extremely weak, confused, or convulsive, you should call the police in time and call an ambulance. We should fight for on-site first aid for heat illness every second. First, you should leave the high-temperature environment as soon as possible and start the rapid cooling process immediately. Transfer the patient to a cool and ventilated place to lie flat and rest, and wipe the body with cold water or a warm bath to speed up the heat dissipation in his body. Place the ice bag on the patient's forehead, neck, armpits and groin, wrap the patient's body with a sheet or clothing soaked in cold water, and blow it hard with an electric fan. For patients with severe heatstroke, they can be soaked directly in cold water, while ensuring that the patient's head is exposed to the water to prevent drowning.
However, it should be noted that if the following situations occur, you need to go to the hospital for medical treatment in time. Such situations include: when the body temperature continues to rise or even exceeds 40 degrees, persistent headaches, muscle spasms after high-temperature environments or heavy physical labor, breathing frequency exceeds 20 times per minute, breathing amplitude becomes smaller, accompanied by symptoms such as nausea and vomiting but not vomiting.
Is it appropriate to drink a lot of ice drinks when such patients feel uncomfortable?
Do not drink too cold water after strenuous exercise or when it is extremely hot. "Drinking cold water at a large amount can not only cause gastrointestinal cramps, but can even induce acute myocardial infarction and endanger life."
How to prevent heat stroke?
At the level of preventing heat stroke, doctors provide a series of practical suggestions. First of all, try to avoid going out during the highest temperature period of 10:00 to 16:00 every day, because the sun is the strongest at this time and the possibility of sunstroke is 10 times that of normal. If you have to travel, be sure to take good protection, such as wearing a parasol, wearing a sun hat, wearing sunglasses, applying sunscreen, and preparing sufficient water.
At the same time, always prepare anti-heat and cooling drugs, such as Rendan, cooling oil, Fengyou essence, etc. to prevent emergency use. When it comes to clothes, try to use cotton, linen, and silk fabrics as much as possible. Wear less chemical fiber clothing to avoid not being able to dissipate heat in time and cause thermic fever when sweating a lot. "The elderly, pregnant women, people with chronic diseases, especially those with cardiovascular diseases, reduce their activities during the hot season."
In terms of diet, it is recommended to take the initiative, small amounts, and multiple times to replenish water. Do not wait until you are thirsty before drinking. You should drink 1.5-2 liters of water a day according to the temperature. When you sweat a lot, you can add salt appropriately. Potassium-containing tea is also an excellent cooling drink. In addition to drinking water, seasonal vegetables with high moisture content such as lettuce, cucumber, tomato, as well as fresh fruits with high moisture content such as peaches, apricots, watermelons, and melons can all be used to replenish moisture. Mung bean soup and dairy products can not only replenish hydration, but also meet the body's nutritional needs.
Ensure adequate sleep is also indispensable. Doctors said that in summer, the sun and nights are long and the temperature is high, the body's metabolism is strong, the consumption is also high, and it is easy to feel fatigue. Adequate sleep can relax the brain and body systems and is also an effective measure to prevent heat stroke. Be careful not to lie under the air conditioner outlet and electric fan when sleeping, so as to avoid air conditioner diseases and hot colds.
In addition, factory workers should improve production and living conditions in high-temperature production environments. For example, thermal insulation measures such as thermal insulation materials, water tanks, circulating water doors and air mezzanine walls are used. In terms of ventilation and cooling, natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation is adopted, or air-conditioning equipment is installed on a heat-insulating basis, etc. Implement employment physical examinations and thermal adaptation training, gradually establish and improve the health records of high-temperature workers, and provide appropriate prevention and treatment for those who find that there are contraindications in high-temperature contraindications, and make a labor capacity assessment of whether they can continue to engage in high-temperature operations.
"Workers in special high-temperature operations should use appropriate protective supplies, such as head covers, face masks, clothes, shoes and socks, and special protective glasses." The labor and rest system for high-temperature operations in summer should also be appropriately adjusted according to production characteristics and specific conditions to ensure that high-temperature operations workers have sufficient sleep and rest in summer.
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