DON broadly blocks glutamine utilizing reactions in cancer cells, and has shown robust efficacy in both preclinical cancer models and exploratory clinical studies.6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine exhibits analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral and anticancer properties.
What is 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine used for?
The glutamine antagonist 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) exhibits remarkable anticancer efficacy; however, its therapeutic potential is hindered by its toxicity to gastrointestinal (GI) tissues.
What is 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine first characterized in 1956 and referred to as DON?
6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine also known as DON was initially described as an antitumor antibiotic isolated from an unidentified streptomyces strain. It has a molecular weight of 171.15 and its empirical formula is C6H9N3O3.
What is a DON glutamine inhibitor?
6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) is a glutamine antagonist that was previously developed to treat solid tumors. While the drug had significant antitumor effects, the utility of DON was limited due to adverse effects seen in clinical trials.
Biochemistry
DON is used as inhibitor of different glutamine utilizing enzymes. Due to its similarity to glutamine, it can enter catalytic centres of these enzymes and inhibits them by covalent binding, or more precisely, by alkylation. The following table gives a survey of DON targets.
Pharmacology
DON is a cytotoxic inhibitor of many enzymes of nucleotide synthesis. It could be shown in vitro that DON treatment led to apoptosis, or programmed cell death. Different pathways were investigated; it could be shown that the inner mitochondrial membrane was damaged, and that single strand DNA breaks occurred. The exact mode of action remains unclear and needs further research.
DON is not approved as pharmaceutical agent, but is tested in combination with a recombinant glutaminase in clinical trials for the treatment of different solid tumors.
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