Talk about collagen and collagen peptide

We often hear about peptide products in our daily lives, such as collagen peptides, elastin peptides, corn oligopeptides, and so on. So what exactly is a peptide?

1.peptide

01 What is peptide ?
Peptides are compounds formed by connecting alpha amino acids together through peptide bonds, and they are also intermediate products of protein hydrolysis.
Peptide is a fragment of protein. Peptides have a smaller molecular weight than proteins and a larger molecular weight than amino acids. Peptides are intermediate between amino acids and proteins.

Peptide is a compound formed by connecting α-amino acids with peptide bonds, and it is also an intermediate product of protein hydrolysis.

Peptide is a fragment of protein. The molecular weight of peptide is smaller than that of protein and larger than that of amino acid. Peptides are between amino acids and protein.

The "amino acid chain" or "amino acid string" formed by peptide bonds connecting two or more amino acids is called a peptide.
Peptides, also known as peptides, were discovered in the 20th century.
Generally, peptides contain two to nine amino acids. Depending on the number of amino acids in the peptide, there are various names for the peptide, such as dipeptide, tripeptide, tetrapeptide, pentapeptide, etc.
Peptides composed of three or more amino acid molecules are called peptides, and some literature also refers to peptides composed of 10-50 amino acids as peptides. Their molecular weight is below 10000 Da, with an average molecular weight of 300 Dalton.
A peptide composed of 50 or more amino acids is called a protein, in other words, a protein is sometimes referred to as a polypeptide.

02 What is a small molecular peptide (oligopeptide)?

Peptides composed of 2~10 amino acids are called small molecular peptides (oligopeptides), and also called small molecular active peptides (ultra-low molecular weight oligopeptides) or oligopeptides.

Small molecule active peptide is a biochemical substance between amino acid and protein, which is smaller than protein and larger than amino acid, and it is a fragment of protein. There is also a saying that oligopeptides composed of 2-6 amino acids are called small molecular active peptides or oligopeptides .

Characteristics of small molecular peptides

(1) Small molecular peptides have simple structure and small molecular weight, and can be absorbed quickly through the small intestinal mucosa without being digested again and consuming energy, with the characteristics of 100% absorption. Therefore, the absorption, transformation and utilization of small molecular active peptides are efficient and complete.

(2) Small molecular peptides have high activity, and often a small amount can play a great role. It can directly enter cells, which is an important manifestation of its biological activity. Small molecular peptides can directly enter cells through skin barrier, blood-brain barrier, placental barrier and gastrointestinal mucosal barrier.

(3) Small molecular peptides have important physiological functions, involving hormones, nerves, cell growth and reproduction, which can regulate the physiological functions of various systems and cells in the body and maintain the normal physiological activities of nervous, digestive, reproductive, growth, exercise metabolism, circulation and other systems in the human body.

(4) Small molecular peptides can not only provide nutrients for human growth and development, but also have special biological functions, which can prevent and treat thrombosis, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, delay aging, resist fatigue and improve immunity.

2 Collagen and Collagen Peptides

01 Collagen Protein
Collagen is a biopolymer, the main component of animal connective tissue, and the most abundant and widely distributed functional protein in mammals, accounting for 25% to 30% of the total protein content, and even up to 80% in some organisms.
Collagen is composed of three helical alpha chains, each consisting of approximately 1000 amino acid residues. Collagen has the function of supporting and connecting tissues in the human body, keeping skin, bones, muscles, blood vessels and other tissues healthy and elastic.

There are many types of collagen, with common types being Type I, Type II, Type III, Type V, and Type XI.
Collagen has been widely used in fields such as food, medicine, tissue engineering, cosmetics, etc. due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and biological activity.

02 Collagen peptide
Collagen peptides are a type of product produced from fresh animal tissues rich in collagen (including skin, bone, tendons, tendons, scales, etc.) through extraction, hydrolysis, and refinement, with a relative molecular weight of less than 10000 Da.
Collagen peptide is a small molecule peptide segment produced by the breakdown of collagen, consisting of 2-20 amino acid residues. Collagen peptides can be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and exert various physiological functions in the body. Compared to collagen, collagen peptides are more easily absorbed and utilized by the human body.

Advantages of collagen peptide

1. Molecular structure

Collagen peptide and collagen are protein composed of amino acids. Their main difference lies in their molecular structure and mode of action.

Collagen is a macromolecular protein, while collagen peptide is a small molecular peptide of collagen treated by enzymolysis technology. This small molecular structure enables collagen peptides to be directly absorbed by the small intestine and act on the human body, and the absorption rate can reach over 90%.

2. Absorbed rate

The absorption rate of collagen peptide can reach more than 90%, which is much higher than that of traditional collagen. This means that collagen peptide can be absorbed by human body more effectively, thus exerting its efficacy.

03 Relationship between collagen and collagen peptide

Collagen is clearly pointed out as a kind of protein, which is a kind of protein family. Like other protein, collagen is composed of small amino acids. Amino acids are connected together in a certain order, forming a long peptide chain like a pearl necklace, and then three peptide chains are spirally wound to form collagen (triple helix structure).

Collagen peptide is a small molecule peptide with a smaller molecular weight than protein and is a fragment of protein. Generally, collagen peptides with a molecular weight less than 10000 daltons are considered collagen peptides. In addition, some data indicate that the average molecular weight of small molecule collagen peptides is 300 Dalton for dipeptides, tripeptides, and tetrapeptides of small peptide collagen.
Collagen peptides are the breakdown products of collagen, obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen. Collagen peptides have a smaller molecular weight and are more easily absorbed and utilized by the human body. It is believed to have certain physiological functions, such as promoting skin regeneration and repair, enhancing joint flexibility, promoting muscle growth and repair, etc.

Collagen plays a structural support and protection role in human body. Collagen peptide is the decomposition product of collagen, which is more easily absorbed and utilized by human body and has certain physiological functions.

3 Collagen supplementation

Why should we supplement collagen?

1:significance

We all know the importance of collagen, which is the most abundant protein in our body. Without collagen, joints will weaken, muscles will decompose, and skin will sag ... This shows the importance of collagen!

2:conditionality

Want to know why your skin doesn't automatically get collagen to keep its elasticity and firmness?

The answer is simple: Collagen is a kind of fibrin. Like any protein, it is made up of amino acids. Without nine essential amino acids, collagen will decompose, and these nine amino acids can only be obtained by eating a diet rich in protein (amino acids).

For example, eating dairy products, eggs, lean meat and soybeans can provide these amino acids for your body, and enough amino acids can combine and form enough collagen, which is beneficial to your body. However, under realistic conditions, people's fast pace of life and other factors, it is difficult for the human body to ensure that these enough amino acids can be supplemented, and at this time, the production of collagen needed by the human body is insufficient.

3:Fast loss

We can synthesize collagen ourselves, but at the same time, we will continue to lose collagen.

When the synthesis speed is greater than the loss speed and the collagen in the human body is sufficient, our skin will be more moist, full, firm and elastic. This is what we are like when we are young, in our teens or twenties.

When the loss rate is greater than the synthesis rate, our skin loses its good supporting structure, and begins to loose, lose elasticity, dry and appear various wrinkles and fine lines ...

Is dietary supplement collagen peptide useful?

Supplementing collagen by eating foods rich in collagen, such as pig's trotters, skin, chicken feet and other animal connective tissues, has little effect. Collagen is indeed contained in pig's trotters, fish skin, chicken wings and other foods, but the molecular weight of collagen is very large, so it can not be directly absorbed by the human body and converted into collagen needed by the human body.
Collagen, as a macromolecular protein (molecular weight greater than 100,000 daltons), enters the human body, and after gastrointestinal digestion, it is decomposed into amino acids and peptides by protease, and the morphology and structure of collagen no longer exist. Moreover, the collagen in these foods, after cooking and heating, has turned into gelatin and has lost the triple helix structure characteristics of collagen molecules.

Collagen peptides are hydrolyzed collagen molecules with very small molecular weight, which can be directly absorbed by the human body, and the rate at which the human body absorbs peptides to synthesize collagen is higher than that of absorbing free amino acids.

Therefore, it can be clearly said that daily food supplements, such as eating pig's trotters, skin, chicken feet, bird's nest and other foods, can not effectively supplement collagen. First, it is difficult to directly absorb the macromolecular collagen in these foods (molecules are around 300,000 Daltons) after entering the human body; Second, too much animal fat was ingested, and as a result, the beauty purpose was not achieved, but it caused obesity. Therefore, oral administration of collagen peptide is an effective way to supplement collagen.

The most effective and direct way to supplement collagen is to supplement small molecular collagen peptides.

In recent decades, a large number of international studies have proved that the absorption of collagen by human body is not only through free amino acids, but also through two different paths.

One is the amino acid pathway: there is a part of collagen, which is really to be disassembled into free amino acids and then enter the body. These free single amino acids are mainly used as the basic parts for the body to synthesize collagen.

The other pathway is peptide pathway: protein can be absorbed by the body directly through PepT1 (oligopeptide transporter) pathway in the form of dipeptide, tripeptide and even polypeptide (dipeptide is two amino acid molecules and tripeptide is three amino acid molecules).

Even some studies show that the absorption efficiency of this short peptide fragment is actually higher than that of free amino acids.

Is the smaller the molecular weight of collagen peptide, the better?

From the above, we can know that the molecular weight of collagen has an important influence on its absorption and utilization, but it does not mean that the smaller the molecular weight, the better.

Scientific research and numerous practices have proved that collagen with molecular weight of 500-1000 daltons is the most easily absorbed by human body, and the absorption and conversion rate of collagen is high. This is because the smaller molecular weight can more easily cross the cell membrane and enter the cell interior, thus improving the absorption rate.

However, if the molecular weight of collagen is too small, less than 500 daltons, its structure may become unstable, and it is easy to lose the "characteristics" of collagen, and it may even be digested by protease in the stomach and decomposed into smaller amino acids, which are directly metabolized and excreted, which is why peptides are supplemented instead of amino acids. In addition, collagen with too small molecular weight is metabolized faster in the body, which is easy to be digested and excreted, and cannot supplement collagen.

To sum up, choosing a peptide with a molecular weight of 500-1000 daltons can really supplement collagen for human body and help to play an important role in human body.

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