Bilirubin powder is a kind of bile pigment, which is the main pigment in human bile. It is orange-yellow and the main metabolite of iron porphyrin compounds. The normal value of bilirubin usually refers to the value of bilirubin content within the normal index, which is divided into total bilirubin level, direct bilirubin level, and serum indirect bilirubin level. The normal value is 5.1~19.0 μ mol/L 、1.7~6.8 μ mol/L、3.4~12 μ mol/L。（direct bilirubin plus indirect bilirubin equals total bilirubin.）
Abnormality of bilirubin
There are three reasons for bilirubin abnormality, specifically as follows: the first is prehepatic; The second aspect is hepatocyte; The third aspect is posthepatic. The analysis is as follows:
1. Prehepatic is mainly due to the increase of indirect bilirubin. There are two reasons: on the one hand, the destruction of red blood cells increases, and the amount of indirect bilirubin produced increases, which exceeds the liver's intake capacity. At this time, the indirect bilirubin will increase; On the other hand, Gilbert syndrome, an autosomal recessive genetic disease, is a common indirect bilirubin increase, mainly due to abnormal glucuronosyltransferase. This enzyme is abnormal. After the liver ingests indirect bilirubin, it generally combines with glucuronic acid to form direct bilirubin under the action of this enzyme. If this enzyme is defective, indirect bilirubin cannot be converted into direct bilirubin, which also shows an increase in indirect bilirubin.
2. The liver cells are damaged, that is, the bilirubin is increased due to liver diseases. When the liver is damaged, the function of the liver to absorb, synthesize and excrete bilirubin is seriously impaired, and the indirect and direct bilirubin is increased.
3. Posthepatitic. If there are tumors and stones in the biliary tract and mechanical biliary obstruction occurs, the direct bilirubin is mainly increased, and the patient can show white stool. Because the final metabolite of bilirubin is fecal bilirubin, which is mainly yellow, the stool is yellow. If there is obstruction, the stool will be white, and the urine color will be significantly deepened because the direct bilirubin can enter the blood, Urine is excreted outside the body, so the color of urine will show as dark tea. If the obstruction is very serious, the color of urine can sometimes show as a strong tea.
How to face the abnormal situation of bilirubin?
As mentioned above, if the patient finds that the value of bilirubin is at high risk during the examination, it usually indicates that the patient has abnormal liver disease or bile duct obstruction. At this time, the further examination should be carried out to determine the extent of the disease; If the value of bilirubin is low, it may be because the red blood cells are damaged and the symptoms of anemia appear. The patient should also further check to determine the severity of the disease.
It is suggested that patients should go to a regular hospital for examination; At ordinary times, we should develop good living habits, not stay up late, go to bed early and get up early every day; Eat a balanced diet, and don't overeat.
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