How much do you know about rosemary?
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We often see the chef add rosemary to it when watching videos of food making or making barbecues and steaks ourselves. What is rosemary? What does it do? Let's take a look at it today!
1: What is Rosmarinus officinalis?
Rosmarinus officinalis , also known as Rosemary, is also known as Ai Ju. Originated in Mediterranean coast, Spain, France and other places, it was introduced to other countries and regions such as Europe and America, and it is a traditional perfume plant. According to the literature, rosemary was introduced as a spice from the western regions during the period of Wei Wendi in the Three Kingdoms of China, which has been more than 2,000 years. In recent years, it has been widely cultivated in Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Xinjiang and Hubei. It has low requirements for soil and is suitable for cultivation in barren hills and barren land. The main utilization parts of rosemary are leaves.
2. As a spice, what is the efficacy and nutritional value of rosemary?
① Antioxidant effect
Studies have shown that the main antioxidant components of rosemary powder are CARNOSOL 5957-80-2 , carnosic acid 3650-09-7, rosmarinic acid 20283-92-5, Rosmanol 80225-53-2, EPIROSMANOL, Isorosmanol, etc. They all have strong antioxidant capacity: the activity of rosemary extract is not affected when it is heated at 204℃ for 18 hours or at 260℃ for 1 hour under anaerobic conditions. Therefore, rosemary is suitable for the processing of animal fat, fried food, processed meat, aquatic products and other foods.
② Bacteriostasis
Rosemary extract and diterpenoid phenols have obvious antimicrobial activity. It can inhibit the growth of Clostridium botulinum, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. Rosmarinic acid has a good inhibitory effect on streptococcus. In addition, carnosol can inhibit the growth of bacteria and yeasts commonly found in six kinds of food.
③ the function of enhancing fragrance and seasoning.
Flavoring and seasoning are the most common functions of rosemary in our daily life. Rosemary essential oil is an important spice, which can be used in food, edible spices, daily chemicals and pharmaceutical products. Mainly used as perfume, shower gel, make-up water, soap, shampoo and other cosmetics spices and sauces, meat, poultry, beverages and other seasonings.
④ Anti-tumor effect
Among natural products, rosemary extract is regarded as having definite anti-tumor activity, and rosemary has synergistic effect on detoxification enzymes of carcinogens in specific tissues. The main anticancer components of rosemary extract are Ursolic acid, carnosol and rosmarinic acid. Studies have shown that rosemary extract, sage and its antioxidant component ursolic acid have strong inhibitory effects on skin cancer.
⑤ Anti-inflammatory effect
Salvianic acid in rosemary has obvious anti-inflammatory effect: some researchers have found that rosemary can reduce the incidence of pneumonia caused by inhaling diesel exhaust by inhibiting the enhanced expression of macrophage chemotactic protein -1, keratinocyte and macrophage inflammatory protein -1α in the lungs.
⑥ Immunomodulatory effect
Experiments have shown that after using rosemary extract on mice, the activity of glutathione transferase in the experimental group increased by 1.5 times compared to the control group; Rosemary extract can significantly enhance the immune system of mice under the pressure of protein or antioxidant deficiency.
⑦ Other functions.
As early as 1983, Europe developed drugs for treating hemorrhoids, varicose veins, wet furuncle, psoriasis, psoriasis and skin infections with rosemary extract and selenium-enriched water. The ethanol solution containing rosemary extract can significantly inhibit the activity of intestinal glucosidase reacting with maltose and sucrose, and effectively prevent the degradation and absorption of maltose and sucrose. The results suggest that rosemary extract can effectively prevent and treat obesity and diabetes from two aspects of food and medicine. Rosemary also helps to relax muscles, including smooth muscles in the digestive tract and uterus. It is often used to relieve stomach discomfort and abdominal pain in women during menstruation.
In addition, rosemary extract has pharmacological effects such as inhibiting thrombosis, treating thrombosis and promoting fibrinolysis.
3: Is rosemary related to carnosic acid?
Carnosic acid powder, as a diterpenoid lipid-soluble compound, is the strongest antioxidant component in rosemary. It can effectively inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, scavenge oxygen free radicals in hepatocytes and reduce the production of lipid peroxide, showing the potential of developing new and efficient anti-liver cancer drugs. In addition, carnosic acid can also protect neurons from H2O2-induced injury, regulate human body's ability to absorb fat, thus inhibiting visceral fat accumulation, and has multiple effects of regulating lipid metabolism, reducing weight, reducing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and preventing irreversible damage of protein structure.
Rosmarinic acid powder, as a natural phenolic acid antioxidant containing Dove hydroxyl, has stronger antioxidant activity than vitamin E, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and folic acid. Experiments have proved that rosmarinic acid can effectively prevent the damage of mouse liver mitochondria caused by hydroxyl radical, and reduce the prevalence of cancer and arteriosclerosis. At the same time, it also shows immunosuppressive activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-tumor activity and anti-ultraviolet, inhibition of acute and chronic infection, inhibition of elastic egg white degradation and other characteristics.
4：What is the future market of rosemary extract?
The market of rosemary extract has great development potential. In recent years, with the increasing pursuit of nutritious, green and safe food by consumers, natural preservatives have gradually become the new favorite of the market. Rosemary extract, with its safety, green and high efficiency, is gradually replacing chemically synthesized preservatives and winning wide favor. Worldwide, many scientific research institutions and enterprises are committed to the research and development of natural food preservatives, among which rosemary extract stands out with its unique advantages. According to statistics, the global market scale of rosemary extract has reached 2.2 billion yuan in 2022, and it is expected to reach 4.9 billion yuan in 2028, with a compound annual growth rate of 28%.
In China's market, there are many producers of rosemary raw material, but there are not many companies with advantages. Xi'an Faithful BioTech Co., Ltd is one of the few outstanding companies in the rosemary extract industry. The company has been deeply involved in the field of natural plant extraction for more than 20 years and has nearly 30,000 acres of rosemary planting base. The high-standard and large-scale plant extraction plant invested by the company covers an area of nearly 1000 mu, has advanced production equipment and technology, and has an annual processing capacity of 100,000 tons of raw materials. At the same time, the company has accumulated a number of internationally leading plant extraction technology, separation and refining technology, membrane separation technology, compound technology and patent achievements, which have made important contributions to the formulation of industry standards.
In the aspect of antiseptic application, rosemary extract shows excellent effect. It is often used in combination with natural preservatives such as green tea extract. For example, the clean label scheme developed by Jianming Group in the United States has shown remarkable effects in sauces, seasonings, meat and poultry products. In addition, there are many compound schemes of rosemary. The research shows that the fresh-keeping effect of compound rosemary natural antioxidant is better than that of single component in food, and it is widely used in aquatic products, and also shows broad research prospects in the field of meat products.
In recent years, with the continuous progress of science and technology and standardized application, rosemary extract can give full play to its unique advantages, win wide acclaim at home and abroad, and become a leader in natural plant extracts. At the same time, the Chinese government's attention and support for scientific and technological achievements has further stimulated the innovation vitality of scientific research institutions and injected a strong impetus into the market stability and sustainable development of rosemary extract. Looking forward to the future, the market prospect of rosemary extract in China is broad. With the continuous growth of market demand for natural rosemary extract and the continuous emergence of related industrial research and development achievements, rosemary extract will gain more solid technical support. Therefore, continuously strengthening the research and development of rosemary extract to maintain its market competitiveness will become the key to promote the development of rosemary extract in China and help it gain greater influence in the international market.
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