Higenamine, also known as Norcoclaurine HCl, is legal for use in food supplements in the UK, the European Union, the United States, and Canada. Its main purpose is to develop food supplements for weight management and sports supplements. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. No studies have compared the safety of modern formulations (based on synthetic chitin removal) with traditional formulations. Nevertheless, it will not be added to the EU's new food catalog, which lists in detail all food supplements that need to obtain a safety assessment certificate before use. Like many other β Like agonists, the World Anti-Doping Agency prohibits the use of norepinephrine in sports. In 2016, the French footballer Mamadou Sakho was temporarily suspended by UEFA because he tested positive for Higenamine, resulting in the player missing the 2016 European League final. The ban was lifted after the player successfully made a mitigation plea that there was no gross negligence, because despite similar drugs- β 2 agonist - prohibited, the substance is not on the list of prohibited substances.
Toxicity of this product
Higenamine (Norcoclaurine) is a compound found in many plants, including Phyllostachys pubescent (fruit), Aconitum (root), Asarum Heterotropioides, Galium Divaricatum (stem and vine), Anna squamosal and Nelumbo nucifera (lotus seed).
Higenamine is found to be an ingredient in exercise and weight loss dietary supplements sold in the United States. Since 2014, the US Food and drug administration has received reports of adverse reactions to supplements containing norepinephrine, but little is known about the health risks of norepinephrine.
The safety of oral chitin removal on the human body is not clear. During an acute toxicity study, the compound was orally administered to mice at a dose of 2 grams per kilogram of body weight. No mice died during the study. In human trials of intravenous Higenamine, subjects receiving Higenamine reported shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, headache, and chest tightness.
Pharmacological action of noraconitine
Noraconitine belongs to benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. It is a kind of alkaloid with benzyl attached to the mother nucleus of isoquinoline. Higenamine
The amplitude of coronary blood flow and isolated heart rate of guinea pigs was increased by aconitine; For rabbit kidneys and ears, the perfusion flow can be increased slightly, and the increase of hind limb perfusion flow is more obvious.
5 mg/kg can significantly reduce blood pressure and accelerate heart rate in anesthetized dogs, which can be eliminated by propranolol, indicating that it belongs to b-adrenergic receptor agonist; It also has a certain antihypertensive effect on dogs with chronic renal hypertension but has no special effect on their ECG.
Other effects and uridine have a relaxation effect on smooth muscle; Pulmonary perfusion experiment in guinea pigs showed that Lappaconitine had an antagonistic effect on bronchospasm caused by histamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin. Intravenous injection of 0.1mg/kg showed an antagonistic effect on bronchospasm caused by histamine.
Demerol is a receptor agonist, including non-selective %u3B2 receptor agonists such as isoproterenol, selective cardiac receptor agonists such as dobutamine, selective receptor agonist such as salbutamol, salbutamol, etc. Receptor agonists can relieve asthma symptoms by exciting the receptors on the surface of airway smooth muscle and mast cell membrane, relaxing airway smooth muscle, reducing degranulation of mast cells and basophils and the release of their mediators, reducing the permeability of microvessels, and increasing the oscillation of airway epithelial cilia. There are many kinds of these drugs, which can be divided into short-acting (lasting 4~6 hours) and long-acting (lasting 12h) hours) receptor agonists. The latter can be divided into quick-acting (taking effect in a few minutes) and slow-acting (taking effect in half an hour).
Are there side effects from Higenamine?
In some circumstances, Higenamine may also increase blood pressure and cause irregular heartbeats. Dietary supplements may not limit the dose or may put higher amounts in the product that have been studied, which increases the chance of experiencing high blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and other heart problems at high doses.