Formononetin CAS 485-72-3

The isoflavone compound Formononetin is widely present in leguminous plants such as Astragalus membranaceus, licorice, kudzu root, and red clover. High purity Formononetin powder is white to light beige in color, easily soluble in methanol, ethyl acetate, ether, and dilute alkaline solutions, but difficult to dissolve in water. Modern pharmacological research shows that Flavosil has anti-tumor, hypolipidemic, anti arrhythmias, antibacterial, antispasmodic, anti lipid peroxidation, estrogen and other effects, can improve atherosclerotic lesions, but also has the role of scavenging oxygen free radicals, inhibiting the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and other effects, which are widely used in clinical, with significant effects.

What are the pharmacological effects of Formononetin?

Formononetin powder can be obtained from natural plants by drug extraction and purification methods such as extraction, ultrasonic wave, microwave, supercritical water, subcritical water and pressure method, and can also be synthesized and modified by artificial methods. Many studies have shown that formononetin has a good inhibitory effect on many malignant tumors such as breast, prostate, bladder, lung, endometrium and ovary, so this natural product has important research value in the field of cancer prevention and treatment.
1. Oxidation:

Oxygen free radical (ORF) is a by-product of body metabolism, which has strong oxidation, among which OH is the most active. Oxygen free radicals produced in human body will cause irreversible damage to tissues and cells if they are not removed in time, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. Many plant extracts have been reported to have antioxidant activities, such as polyphenols, alkaloids and flavonoids. In the previous study, it was found that formononetin had obvious inhibitory and scavenging effects on superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical OH in the in vitro reaction system. Experiments show that formononetin can effectively enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and can also reduce the generation of oxygen free radicals. Therefore, researchers speculate that formononetin may play an anti-cancer role in vivo and in vitro by scavenging harmful oxygen free radicals and increasing the antioxidant capacity of the body. In addition, from the molecular structure and thermodynamic point of view, it is also revealed that the active site of ForMoononetin is the B ring in the structural formula, and the main mechanism is hydrogenatomtransfer (HAT).

2. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis:

The growth and migration of malignant tumors are accompanied by the process of angiogenesis. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, thus inhibiting the proliferation and distant metastasis of cancer cells, is a hot spot in the field of anticancer drug research and development. Mangiferin has anti-angiogenesis potential, which may be related to the inhibition of the activities of fibroblast growth factor 2(FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). FGF2 can induce the expression of VEGF, so inhibiting FGF2 activity can also indirectly inhibit VEGF. The experimental results showed that formononetin, as an inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2(FGFR2) in nude mice model of breast cancer, could block PI3K-Akt signaling pathway mediated by FGFR2 and reduce tumor cell activity. The effect of formononetin on blocking angiogenesis of cancer cells by inhibiting VEGF and matrix metalloproteinase MMPs has also been verified. As a natural product with good anticancer effect, high-quality formononetin raw material can be used in the research and development of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in tumor vascular occlusion therapy.

3. Regulate the expression of genes and proteins and act on signal transduction pathways:

phytoestrogens can play a role in many metabolic pathways of human body. Previous studies have shown that Flavosil can regulate the expression of related genes and protein, such as regulating tumor suppressor genes P21 and p27, inhibit cell cycle regulation key proteins CyclinA, CyclinD1, CyclinE and PCNA, activate apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 family and Caspase family, and inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (matrix metalloproteinases are zinc-dependent endopeptidases, It can degrade various components in extracellular matrix that hinder cell migration and provide conditions for cancer cell metastasis) and ribosome S6 protein kinase, directly or indirectly inhibit cancer cell proliferation, promote cell apoptosis, and inhibit tumor migration and metastasis. In addition, some classical cancer-related signaling pathways have been proved to be the targets of formononetin, including PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling pathway and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Studies have shown that Myconate can affect the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells by regulating HIF-1α/CXCR4 signal transduction.

4. Regulating human immune function and improving internal environment:

formononetin can protect the body from injury, reduce serum LDL cholesterol, improve bone density and regulate hormone secretion, and play a benign role in regulating internal environment and homeostasis, which may be one of the important mechanisms of its anti-cancer effect. For example, formononetin can effectively inhibit the expression of FOXA1 and GATA-3 proteins in estrogen-dependent endometrial cancer cells, so as to reduce the level of estrogen receptor and improve the endocrine microenvironment in vivo, thus improving the rehabilitation treatment of patients, or conservative treatment. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effect of NSC 93360 can help the body to remove metabolic waste, make the body in a good environment suitable for normal cell metabolism, and enhance the body's immunity to cancer cells.

What are the further research results on Formononetin?

Formononetin powder is a kind of phytoestrogen rich in natural plant Trifolium pratense and traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus, which has pharmacological effects such as lowering blood pressure, regulating inflammatory reaction and lipid metabolism. Studies have shown that formononetin also has a good inhibitory effect on breast cancer, female genital malignant tumor and urinary tumor, and its mechanism is related to its effects of inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell invasion and metastasis in various malignant tumors. Up to now, there is no report that formononetin can slow down pulmonary fibrosis. According to the results of many anticancer studies, the inhibitory effect of formononetin on malignant tumors is dose-time dependent in a certain concentration range. In some experiments, the lower concentration of formononetin has no obvious inhibitory effect on cancer cells, and even promotes the proliferation of cancer cells. It is still difficult to determine the effective dose, and there is no relevant study to verify the dose of formononetin that produces adverse reactions to the body, so more large-scale experiments in vitro and in vivo need to be continued.

What is the research progress on the toxicological effects of Formononetin?

Formononetin is the main active component of Leguminosae red clover. The experimental results show that formononetin as an anti-prostate cancer drug has no detectable toxicity to normal human prostate epithelial cells. Similarly, in the animal model, no obvious damage was observed in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and brain of the mice treated with formononetin, and there was no significant difference in body weight between the drug treatment group and the control group. At present, there is no relevant data to show that formononetin has obvious adverse reactions to normal tissues and cells, Indicating that it has good in vivo therapeutic tolerance,It is highly likely to become an ideal anti-cancer product in the future.

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