Contraceptives generally refer to contraceptives used by women, which are mostly composed of estrogen and progesterone or compound hormones. There are also unilateral progesterone and some nonsteroidal drugs. Contraceptives can affect different links in the reproductive process, so as to achieve the purpose of contraception
The contraceptive pill is an effective contraceptive method in clinics. The mechanism of contraceptives is mainly to inhibit ovulation, change the nature of cervical mucus, which is not conducive to sperm reaching the fallopian tube through the cervix, but also can change the morphology and function of the endometrium, which is not conducive to the implantation of fertilized eggs. It will also change the function of the fallopian tube and interfere with the implantation of the fertilized egg.
Advantages of taking contraceptives:
1. Contraception, prevention of ectopic pregnancy. In addition to the well-known contraception, previous studies in Europe and the United States showed that the use of oral contraceptives can prevent an ectopic pregnancy.
2. Reduce the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer. According to the statistics of ovarian cancer, the risk of the disease is reduced by about 40% after long-term use of contraceptives, and the longer the use, the greater the protective effect. Therefore, oral contraceptives are recommended for women with a family history of reproductive system tumors.
3. Other advantages. Reduce the amount of menstruation, relieve dysmenorrhea, prevent iron deficiency anemia, and acne, and alleviate the symptoms of hirsutism and endometriosis.
Adverse reactions to taking contraceptives:
1. Thrombosis. At present, it is universally recognized that taking contraceptives is one of the risk factors leading to thrombosis. Especially for women over 35 years old and obese, taking contraceptives will increase the probability of deep vein thrombosis of lower limbs, which is harmful to health. Therefore, women over 35 years old should consult their doctors in detail before taking the contraceptive pill to eliminate the risk factors of thrombosis and weigh the advantages and disadvantages.
2. Water and sodium retention. The contraceptive pill can cause retention of water and sodium, as well as promote protein assimilation, so some women will gain weight after taking the pill. This may be bad news for those women who need to lose weight, so when taking the contraceptive pill, you can appropriately increase your exercise amount and control your weight.
3. Long spots. The contraceptive pill will cause the human hormone level to rise. Some women will have symmetrical chloasma on their faces after the hormone level rises. This kind of spot often appears on pregnant women, so it is also called a pregnancy spot. However, this is just a reaction to hormone elevation. These spots will gradually reduce and return to normal after drug withdrawal.
4. Early pregnancy-like reaction. Some women who take the contraceptive pill will have an early pregnancy-like reaction. The symptoms include dizziness, fatigue, breast pain, leukorrhea, anorexia, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal reactions.
5. There may be conflicts with other drugs. The drugs in the human body will interact. If you take other drugs while taking the contraceptive pill, the blood concentration of the contraceptive pill may decrease, leading to contraceptive failure or other adverse reactions.
6. Amenorrhea or infertility. If you take contraceptives for a long time or in large quantities, you may also have irregular menstrual cycles, even amenorrhea or infertility.
Recommendations for contraceptive use:
The contraceptive pill can be divided into three types: long-term, short-term, and emergency. Long-acting contraceptives can be used for about one month each time, and do not need to take them daily. However, the hormone content of such drugs is large, and there are many side effects, and they will have a certain accumulation effect in the body. It is recommended to stop taking medicine for 6 months before considering pregnancy. Short-acting oral contraceptives have been studied for a long time. There is no report on teratogenesis. Generally, you can get pregnant after stopping taking the pill. So far, no evidence has been found that it affects the growth and development of your offspring. Emergency contraceptives can only be used occasionally and cannot replace conventional contraceptives.
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