On March 29, 2023, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved that 4 mg naloxone hydrochloride nasal spray can be used for over-the-counter drugs, This is the first OTC drug approved by the FDA to reverse excessive use of opioids.
Naloxone raw material was synthesized in the 1960s and gradually used in clinical practice. In recent years, with the deepening of research, endogenous opioid peptides mainly include The pathophysiological processes of β- Endorphins in various diseases have been further clarified. As a specific antagonist of opioid receptors, naloxone can block and reverse the toxic effects of endogenous opioid peptides.
What are the effects and uses of naloxone?
Naloxone powder is an antagonist of opioid receptors and has no intrinsic activity because it can compete and antagonize various opioid receptors The μ receptor has a strong affinity. Therefore, it can be used to antagonize the respiratory depression caused by opioid compound anesthesia and promote the recovery of patients, as well as to treat opioid overdose. For example, it can be used in patients who commit suicide by taking sleeping pills, which can completely or partially reverse the respiratory depression caused by drugs. It can also be used to rescue acute alcoholism, and when taken under the tongue to treat alcoholism, it can take effect quickly.
Naloxone hydrochloride has a rapid onset of action and strong antagonistic effect. Naloxone hydrochloride simultaneously reverses all the effects of opioid agonists, including analgesia. In addition, it also has an antagonistic effect on the resurgence that is not related to opioid receptors. Can quickly reverse the respiratory depression caused by opioid analgesics, can cause high excitement, and make cardiovascular function hyperfunction. This product still has an anti shock effect and does not produce morphine dependence, withdrawal symptoms, and respiratory depression.
However, patients with a history of liver disease or renal insufficiency need to be cautious, as do patients with a history of heart disease. "It is also important to avoid excessive use of this drug, which can have side effects such as severe hypertension, hypotension, and cognitive impairment."
A helpless move
According to CNN, the vast majority of drug deaths in the United States are related to opioid drugs led by fentanyl. Over 100000 Americans have died each year from fentanyl abuse in the past two years. Nowadays, as more drugs rapidly infiltrate communities, drug abuse has become a widespread phenomenon on American campuses. As a drug used to counteract the effects of opioid overdose, naloxone is the standard treatment for opioid overdose. But it is obvious that this is a helpless move to deal with the current ineffective drug control!
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