Artistic creation comes from life. This kind of scene of emergency rescue with drugs, which is common in film and television dramas, does exist in clinic, and we can also confirm that the patient is suffering from angina pectoris. However, what we need to pay attention to is that it is not as simple as taking some first-aid drugs, and the first-aid drugs can't be taken directly. Today, Let's get to know what angina pectoris is.
What kind of people are prone to angina pectoris?
Angina pectoris is a clinical syndrome, which is the pain reflected on the body surface because of the absolute or relative lack of blood supply and oxygen supply to the myocardium. The main reasons are insufficient blood supply to the coronary artery, temporary myocardial ischemia and hypoxia. Physical labor, emotional excitement, full meal, fright and cold may all induce angina pectoris. The incidence group is mainly middle-aged and elderly people, and the prevalence rate of angina pectoris increases obviously with the increase of age. However, according to statistics, the following five categories of people are more likely to suffer from this disease.
1. Overwork is one of the causes of angina pectoris. Due to the rapid increase in heart rate after a lot of activity, the myocardial blood supply needs to increase, but the blood supply cannot fully guarantee its needs. People without angina may also feel chest pain and difficulty breathing, but proper rest can alleviate these symptoms. If there is a potential heart disease, it is likely to cause angina due to an increased demand for myocardial blood supply.
2. Patients with the three highs have a higher probability of developing angina than normal individuals. For example, the blood pressure flow of patients with hyperlipidemia is relatively slow, which not only leads to the deposition of impurities in the blood vessels, but also makes it easier to cause insufficient blood supply to the heart, leading to angina pectoris.
3. If you are a person who tends to get angry, anxious, and overly excited, we know that these emotional fluctuations can lead to sympathetic nervous system overexcitement and an increase in catecholamines in the body, which can promote faster heart rate, higher blood pressure, and increased myocardial oxygen consumption. The original balance between myocardial oxygen consumption and blood supply is disrupted, which may trigger angina pectoris.
4. People with unhealthy diets. Especially overeating and liking to consume high-fat foods. This dietary habit can easily cause abdominal bloating and pain, increase abdominal pressure, and cause a large amount of blood to accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract, naturally reducing the blood supply to the coronary arteries. The imbalance between oxygen supply and blood supply can cause angina pectoris.
5. People who smoke and drink alcohol for a long time. Smoking and alcohol consumption are not only prone to liver damage, but also contain some undecomposed components that can worsen blood vessel blockage, induce vascular spasms, reduce the ability of the heart to dilate, and thus cause angina pectoris.
Is chest pain angina pectoris?
Angina pectoris is not necessarily "colic", but may be a feeling of squeezing and tightening, oppression and suffocation, heavy and bloated pain, sometimes accompanied by burning feeling and so on. The specific location is at the back of the sternum, and it can also spread to the precordial area, upper limbs, mandible and laryngopharynx. The attack may be accompanied by chest tightness, sweating, nausea, vomiting, palpitation or dyspnea. We often use the size of pain to evaluate the severity of angina pectoris, but pain is not directly related to the degree of myocardial hypoxia. In other words, severe pain is not necessarily a heart attack; And a heart attack may not have chest pain.
If you feel increased pain, sudden pain during rest, and the pain lasts for more than 15 minutes. This may be unstable angina pectoris and related to acute coronary syndrome, and these phenomena may be precursors of myocardial infarction (heart attack), so it must be assumed as myocardial infarction and emergency treatment should be carried out immediately.
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The Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) classifies the severity of angina into four levels.
Grade I: General physical activities (such as walking and climbing stairs) are not restricted, and angina only occurs when using strong, fast, or sustained force.
Grade II: Mild restriction of general physical activity. Angina pectoris occurs within a few hours after brisk walking, meals, cold, mental stimulation, or waking up. In general, walking on flat ground for more than 200 meters or climbing more than one floor is restricted.
Grade III: General physical activity is significantly restricted, and in general, walking within 200 meters on flat ground or climbing one floor can cause angina pectoris.
Grade IV: Angina pectoris can occur during mild activity or rest.
What should be done when angina attacks?
The main method to treat angina pectoris is to improve the blood supply of coronary artery, reduce the oxygen consumption of myocardium, and treat coronary atherosclerosis to prevent myocardial infarction and death. And patients should try to avoid triggering factors such as physical labor and emotional fluctuations, and can maintain appropriate physical activity; If we may have a suspected history of heart disease, the most common method is to carry nitroglycerin with us. During a heart attack, we should immediately stop activity and take nitroglycerin sublingually (swallowing is ineffective) or spray nitroglycerin aerosol sublingually. (The function of nitroglycerin is to dilate blood vessels, and taking nitroglycerin can directly allow the effective substance of the drug to enter the bloodstream from the blood vessels under the tongue, which can take effect in 3-5 minutes.) If we suddenly suffer from heart disease, we need to control our emotions, maintain calmness, and take a semi recumbent position to rest, without lying down or standing upright, so that the heart can obtain sufficient oxygen supply. We should seek help from nearby people and call the emergency number as soon as possible.
How should we prevent angina pectoris in daily life?
1. Actively control risk factors: for example, those with hypertension, diabetes or dyslipidemia should be actively treated according to the doctor's advice.
2. Learn to relax: the life center should pay attention to being open-minded, never get angry over trifles, and keep a good mood and mentality.
3. Pay attention to climate change: under the influence of severe cold or strong cold air, coronary artery spasm and secondary thrombosis may cause acute myocardial infarction, and patients with coronary heart disease will feel obvious discomfort.
4. Healthy diet: light diet, less oil and salt, mixed meat and vegetables, thick and thin, and diversified diet. Three meals a day, seven or eight full. Vegetables, fruits, white meat, nuts, and ten kinds of foods are guaranteed every day. You can eat everything and eat less.
5. Regular physical examination: If any family member suffers from coronary artery disease or heart disease, it is recommended to have regular physical examination and coronary CT examination if necessary, so that heart disease can be found and treated early.
6. Moderate exercise, quitting smoking and drinking: Reasonable exercise can prevent angina pectoris. The risk of myocardial infarction and sudden death of smokers and drinkers is twice as high as that of ordinary people. Therefore, there is no doubt that alcohol and tobacco should be given up.
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