Diabetes is a common chronic disease. It is usually caused by an increase in glucose levels in the blood. The patient will suffer from thirst, excessive drinking, and wasting. It is necessary to cooperate with the doctor to reduce the blood sugar in the body to the normal value through oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin injections. If it is not controlled in time, it may lead to blindness or renal failure.
What is glucagon-like peptide-1?
Glucagon-like peptide-1 is a multifunctional peptide hormone secreted by L cells of the ileum and colon, belonging to incretin. It is mainly used to treat type 2 diabetes. It can indirectly regulate the body's glucose so that the blood sugar in the body is stable,
As an inhibitor, GLP-1 can stimulate the release of insulin and inhibit the secretion of glucagon by the pancreas when the blood glucose concentration in the body is high, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing blood glucose. When the blood glucose drops to a normal value, it will not stimulate insulin. Therefore, hypoglycemia will not occur after the medication, and the patient's blood glucose can be kept in a cool and stable state, At the same time, it can also play a role in protecting the cardiovascular system.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) is a new type of hypoglycemic drug in recent years. By activating the GLP-1 receptor, it can enhance insulin secretion in a glucose concentration-dependent manner, inhibit glucagon secretion, delay gastric emptying, and reduce food intake through central appetite inhibition, so as to reduce blood sugar and weight loss.
What is the difference between insulin and glucagon?
Insulin and glucagon are two important hormones that regulate blood sugar. Glucagon and insulin have the following differences:
1、 Unlike secreting cells, glucagon is produced by the pancreas α Cell secreted; Insulin is produced by the pancreas β Cell secretion belongs to the endocrine function of the pancreas.
2、 Different roles: glucagon belongs to the hormone that promotes catabolism, which can promote glycogen decomposition, maintain blood glucose concentration, promote protein and fat decomposition, and provide glutenous products; Insulin is a kind of anabolic hormone, which promotes the synthesis of glycogen, protein, and fat and inhibits decomposition.
3、 Insulin is the only hypoglycemic hormone in the body; Glucagon is a kind of hyperglycemic hormone, and the effects of the two hormones are diametrically opposite.
When blood sugar rises, it will inhibit the secretion of glucagon and stimulate insulin secretion to reduce blood sugar, And vice versa, so as to maintain the dynamic balance of blood glucose.
Development of similar products in the clinic
The physiological functions of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) include:
Promote pancreas and islets β- Insulin secretion of cells
Inhibition of pancreatic islets α- Glucagon secretion of cells
Inhibit gastric motility and delay gastric emptying
Through the central nervous system, GLP-1 can suppress appetite
The special physiological function of GLP-1 is very helpful to the treatment of diabetes, and it is a hot research object in diabetes. Because GLP-1 is easily degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPPIV) in blood, its half-life (T1 / 2) is only a few minutes.
Drug development strategies include dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 analogs.
There are many GLP-1 drugs on the market now, which will be a new growth point for diabetes drugs in the next 10 years. At present, four GLP-1 receptor agonists have been approved by CFDA to be listed, including Exenatide, Liraglutide, and Lixisenatide. Dulaglutide and Semaglutide are in the market application, and Albiglutide is in the clinical trial.
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