Should one be cautious of snakes during travel at all times?

Jun 04, 2025

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Two snake bite marks, separated by yin and yang for twelve hours, amidst questioning from family members, the Sanya Health Commission urgently intervened to investigate.
On the evening of June 1, 2025, 27 year old Tian Tian (pseudonym) and her boyfriend were taking a walk near a scenic spot in Sanya when they suddenly felt a sharp pain in their feet. When looking down, there were two obvious bite marks left on the ankle, and a snake quickly darted into the grass and disappeared. Upon further examination, the wound rapidly swells and turns black, accompanied by intense pain.
The family immediately called 120 and took her to the nearest Sanya Central Hospital. However, this hospital does not have a reserve of life-saving antivenom serum. After treating the wound briefly, the doctor suggested transferring to a higher-level hospital.
During the transfer, Tian Tian's condition deteriorated rapidly, showing various symptoms such as blurred consciousness and difficulty breathing. Arriving at the second hospital, she had already fallen into a coma. Although this hospital has serum, it is too late.
On the morning of June 2nd, less than 12 hours after Tian Tian (pseudonym) was bitten by a snake, this young tourist unfortunately passed away due to multiple organ failure caused by a venomous snake bite.The incident area and the site bitten by poisonous snakes.

 

Why is there a hidden danger of venomous snakes in Sanya?

In 2023, there was a bamboo leaf green biting incident in Lingshui County, Hainan, but due to timely treatment, no damage was caused. In April 2024, a villager was bitten and killed by a king cobra not far from the incident site; In March of the same year, a woman in Chengmai County was bitten by a venomous snake while working on farmland, resulting in multiple organ failure due to failure to seek medical attention in a timely manner.

Sanya's tropical climate and rich ecosystem provide excellent habitats for venomous snakes. According to observation, April to October is the peak period of venomous snake activity every year, especially dangerous after rain or at night. The local fire department has repeatedly captured highly toxic snakes such as cobra and bamboo leaf green in scenic spots and residential areas.
The management of the scenic area involved has stated that a series of measures will be taken to strengthen safety management. They plan to collaborate with fire and forestry departments to conduct a venomous snake inspection of the scenic area and surrounding areas, and set up warning signs in areas with frequent snake activities.
At the same time, the scenic area will provide tourists with anti snake drugs and first aid equipment, and carry out anti snake knowledge training to improve their self-protection ability.

 

How toxic is bamboo leaf green?

The staff of Sanya Wildlife Conservation Center pointed out that bamboo leaf green and cobra are the most common venomous snakes in the local area, among which bamboo leaf green is encountered more frequently and is difficult to distinguish due to its protective color, often causing intense collisions with people. We learned from the staff that Zhuyeqing, like the five step snake, iron iron head and other venomous snakes, are all venomous snakes with fangs. They can quickly inject the venom from their venom glands into their prey's body through their fangs. The snake venom mechanism of Zhuyeqing is similar to that of the five step snake, both containing blood toxins. Therefore, after being bitten by it, it will cause severe pain, a strong burning sensation, and can also harm the human heart and blood vessels. However, in terms of toxicity alone, bamboo leaf green is more toxic. Among them, the most toxic white lipped bamboo leaf green is about 20 times more toxic than the five step snake, and even the least toxic Fujian bamboo leaf green is about 3 times more toxic than the five step snake. Therefore, after being attacked by it, people will quickly experience symptoms of poisoning such as nausea and abdominal pain.Venom acquisition
But any poison, such as bamboo leaf green, cannot cause too much harm if the dosage is not sufficient. Although it is a venomous snake with fangs, its detoxification capacity is pitifully low. The detoxification amount of Bai Li Zhu Ye Qing is only 17 milligrams, and Fujian Zhu Ye Qing is even less, with an average of only 8 milligrams. The average detoxification dose of five step snakes is 176 milligrams, which is dozens of times higher than that of other snakes. Therefore, although their toxicity is fierce, the probability of biting someone to death is not high due to the low dose of venom. However, bamboo leaf green is widely distributed, so incidents of being bitten by them also occur from time to time. But that doesn't mean Zhuyeqing won't poison people. For example, this tragedy was caused by the lack of effective treatment, resulting in the loss of life.

 

Why is there no specialized anti bamboo leaf green serum?

Domestic anti snake venom serum is divided into four categories: anti viper venom serum for treating viper and pit viper bites, anti five step snake venom serum for treating pit viper bites, anti cobra venom serum for treating cobra bites, and anti silver ring snake venom serum for treating gold and silver ring snake bites. But it seems that there is no specific serum for bamboo leaf green, why is that?
Because Zhuyeqing is a snake species belonging to the family Viperidae and the genus Zhuyeqing, most doctors use anti viper serum to treat Zhuyeqing bites. And the above four types of serum can basically treat most venomous snake bites in China, so basically no one makes a special serum for bamboo leaf green.

 

Why is there so little snake venom serum ?

We often see some patients go to the hospital only to find out that they don't have the snake venom serum we need. Why is that? Shouldn't this life-saving thing be a regular item in hospitals? This is mainly a matter of interests. Currently, there is only one company producing snake venom serum in China, and there have even been multiple reports of production stoppages and cuts.
This is because the production process of snake venom serum is complex, time-consuming, with small production volume and short shelf life. To obtain anti snake venom serum, the snake venom must first be collected, then frozen and dried into powder, and injected into the bodies of experimental horses in batches at low to high doses. After injecting a certain dose, mix horse serum and snake venom and inject them into mice. If the mice are still alive, they are considered to have enough antibodies.
Then collect about ten liters of horse blood, separate the plasma and blood cells, and transfuse the blood cells back into the horse's body. After purification, the plasma becomes the anti snake venom serum solution we need. Generally speaking, it takes 9 months to produce an anti snake venom serum, and the shelf life of its efficacy is only 3 years or even shorter.High cost venom extraction

 

Why are snake venom serums more developed abroad?

On average, the price of a bottle of snake venom serum in the US market is around 3198 US dollars. Once, a 9-year-old girl was bitten by a snake and her medical expenses were as high as 140000 US dollars. A young American man named Todd Fasler was bitten by a rattlesnake in San Diego, California, and the cost of treatment was as high as $153000. A man in Missouri who was bitten by a venomous snake refused medical treatment and passed away because the cost of treating the snake bite was too high.
In order to protect the interests of the group, China has set a price limit for anti snake venom serum. According to surveys, currently, a single anti snake venom serum generally costs around 300 to 500 yuan, and after being bitten by a snake, several injections will be given depending on the situation, which basically costs several thousand yuan. This is still difficult for most ordinary people in China to bear. So there is no shortage of anti snake venom serum abroad because the market price and profit are high enough, and one can basically obtain enough benefits.

 

What kind of changes should we make?

According to statistics, the number of people bitten by venomous snakes in China exceeds 300000 every year. However, the production of serum is relatively low, which is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. But this does not mean that the price limit on serum should be lifted, otherwise there will be a situation where people cannot afford it, which will still harm the serum market. We should combine market changes and reasonably price while ensuring the basic burden of the people. At the same time, more products that prolong snake venom attacks should be developed to buy time for treatment. At the same time, in areas where venomous snakes frequently appear, management should be strengthened and responsibility should be held accountable.

 

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