The function of enzyme has the characteristics of high efficiency, specificity and gentleness.
High efficiency means that the catalytic efficiency of enzyme is higher than that of inorganic catalyst, which makes the reaction rate faster. Specificity means that an enzyme can only catalyze one or one kind of substrate, such as protease can only catalyze the hydrolysis of protein into polypeptide. Mildness means that the chemical reaction catalyzed by enzyme is generally carried out under mild conditions.
Enzymes are a kind of biocatalysts, which dominate many catalytic processes such as metabolism, nutrition and energy conversion, and most of the reactions closely related to life processes are enzyme-catalyzed reactions. These properties of enzymes enable the complicated metabolism of substances in cells to be carried out in an orderly way, and make the metabolism of substances adapt to normal physiological functions. If an enzyme is defective due to genetic defects, or the activity of the enzyme is weakened due to other reasons, it can lead to abnormal reaction catalyzed by the enzyme, disorder of substance metabolism, and even diseases.
The catalysis of enzyme depends on the integrity of the primary structure and spatial structure of enzyme molecules. If the enzyme molecules denature or the subunits depolymerize, the enzyme activity will be lost.
Enzyme is a biocatalyst, which plays a role in promoting chemical reactions in organisms. The following are some characteristics of enzymes:
1. Enzymes are efficient: they can catalyze chemical reactions at a very high rate, which greatly speeds up the reaction. They can react in organisms at relatively low temperature and pressure.
2. Enzymes are selective: enzymes are selective for specific substrates and only catalyze specific chemical reactions. This is because the active site of the enzyme matches the structure of the substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate complex.
3. The enzyme is renewable: the enzyme is not consumed in the catalytic reaction, but can be used again after participating in the reaction. Enzymes can be regenerated through the action of other molecules, thus continuously catalyzing the reaction.
4. The activity of enzyme is influenced by environment: the activity of enzyme is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, pH value, ion concentration and substrate concentration. Appropriate environmental conditions can improve the activity of enzyme, while extreme environmental conditions may reduce or destroy the activity of enzyme.
5. The enzyme is specific: the enzyme is highly specific to a specific substrate. This means that different enzymes correspond to different substrates, thus realizing the regulation of many chemical reactions in organisms.
6. The activity of enzyme is regulated: the activity of enzyme can be regulated by regulation mechanism, including synthesis and degradation of enzyme, activation and inhibition of enzyme, etc. This regulation can make organisms respond adaptively to different environmental and metabolic needs.
It should be noted that different enzymes may have different characteristics in different organisms, tissues and environments. Therefore, in the specific treatment plan, we should choose the appropriate one according to the patient's medical history and specific circumstances.
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