A 1993 study found that around 50% of Epitesterone production in human males can be ascribed to the testis, although the exact pathway of its formation is still the subject of research. It has been shown to accumulate in mammary cyst fluid and in the prostate. Epitestosterone levels are typically highest in young males; however, by adulthood, most healthy males exhibit a testosterone to epitestosterone ratio (T/E ratio) of about 1:1.
What is the difference between testosterone and Epitestosterone?
Epitestosterone, also known as isotestosterone, 17 α- Testosterone is an endogenous steroid substance,It is a 17α- hydroxy epimer of male sex hormone testosterone,It is a weaker competitive antagonist of androgen receptor (AR) and a stronger 5 α Reductase inhibitors.It can accelerate the circulation of the body, improve the degree of nerve activity, and increase sexual desire and motor excitement.
Testosterone is a type of steroid hormone secreted by the male testicles or female ovaries, and a small amount of testosterone is also secreted by the adrenal gland. It is the main male sex hormone and anabolic steroid. Whether male or female, it has important effects on health, including enhancing libido, strength, immune function, and combating osteoporosis. According to statistics, the amount of testosterone secreted by adult males is 20 times that of adult females. Due to the ability of testosterone to enhance physical fitness, maintain muscle strength and quality, maintain bone density and strength, and refresh the mind. Athletes are not allowed to participate in competitions if they use testosterone.So many people are starting to pay attention to testosterone analogues
What happens if epitestosterone and testosterone are used improperly?
According to experts, 17-epi-Testosterone itself is not a stimulant. However, when the ratio of testosterone (T) to epitestosterone (E) in an athlete's urine is greater than 6:1, it constitutes a violation.
Related studies have shown that exogenous administration of testosterone does not affect the level of epitestosterone in the body. Therefore, testing to determine the ratio of testosterone to epitestosterone in urine can be used to identify athletes who are taking stimulants. The ratio of testosterone to epitestosterone in most people's urine is approximately 1:1 (T/E ratio). However, it is not uncommon for T/E ratios to reach 4:1, and even a 10:1 T/E ratio is normal for some people. The T/E test is the most common because a person may be born with high levels of testosterone, but even so, the T/E ratio of the average person is often close to 1:1.
Epitestosterone has not yet been shown to improve athletic performance, but if standard T/E ratio tests are used, it can be used to mask high levels of testosterone. Therefore, epitestosterone is prohibited by many sports institutions as a masking agent of testosterone.
In 1996, American athlete Mary Decker failed the T/E test and the T/E ratio exceeded the limit of 6 at the time. She submitted the case to arbitration, arguing that the contraceptive pill would cause false positives in the test, but the arbitral tribunal made a ruling against her.
On September 20, 2007, Floyd Landis was stripped of his title as the Tour de France champion and banned from participating in professional races for two years after a second test showed an increase in T/E ratio. The test results of Floyd Landis' A 'test sample indicate that although the ratio is 11:1, his testosterone levels are within the normal range, and the problem is actually insufficient epitestosterone levels. Landis won the 17th stage of the tour; However, tests conducted immediately after the victory of the stage showed a T/E ratio of 11:1, which is more than twice the imposed limit of 4:1 (recently reduced from the previous limit of 8:1 and 6:1). Landis categorically denies this accusation and points out that scientific data suggests that testosterone cannot improve exercise performance unless taken regularly and for a long period of time.
On the morning of October 26, 2009, the Organizing Committee of the 10th National Games held a press conference in Jinan to report on the relevant situation and punishment decision of the doping violation incident of Fujian female track and field athlete Wang Jing. This is the third doping incident discovered at this National Games, following the doping violations by Guo Lina and Li Jie.
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