Phytonadione Epoxide CAS 25486-55-9

Vitamin K1 epoxide Introduction

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Vitamin K1 epoxide is an essential intermediate in the vitamin K1 metabolic cycle of organisms. Chemically, it is a derivative of vitamin K1, formed by the oxidation of the double bonds at positions 2 and 3 of its naphthoquinone ring, resulting in an epoxide structure. Its molecular formula is C₃₁H₄₆O₃, and its CAS number is 25486-55-9.

Unlike various plant-derived natural active ingredients, phytonadione epoxide cannot be obtained through natural extraction. High-purity products on the market are all prepared using chemical synthesis processes and are mainly used as research standards in various professional experimental settings. Its core application value lies in its role as a specific substrate for vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR). This property has led to its widespread use in exploring the mechanisms of human blood clotting, screening the efficacy and performance of anticoagulant products such as warfarin, and serving as a core raw material for the detection and analysis of relevant clinical diagnostic indicators.

Beyond the biomedical research field, the application of this substance is gradually expanding into the high-end skincare industry. With its excellent microcirculation regulation capabilities, it is regarded by the industry as a new type of high-quality cosmetic raw material, which can be specifically applied to the research and development and production of skin care products for dark circle repair and skin inflammation relief.

What is the mechanism of action of Vitamin K1 epoxide?

Phytonadione epoxide is an essential intermediate metabolite in the metabolic pathway of vitamin K1 in the body. All its physiological functions are realized through the vitamin K1 circulation pathway. The active vitamin K1 in the body exists in other forms and acts as a coenzyme to participate in the γ-carboxylation modification of various coagulation-related proteins. During this catalytic reaction, the vitamin K1 hydroquinone will be oxidized by the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase to form Vitamin K1 epoxide. This ring oxide cannot directly participate in the carboxylation reaction and requires the vitamin K1 epoxide reductase VKORC1 distributed in the endoplasmic reticulum to catalyze the reduction. The reduction reaction is completed in two steps by relying on the intermediate product containing mercaptans groups, and reverts back to the active vitamin K1 Hydantoin, thereby maintaining the repetitive and continuous supply of vitamin K1 in the body. The commonly used clinical product warfarin works by specifically blocking the catalytic activity of the VKOR enzyme: it directly cuts off the pathway for the reduction and regeneration of the active vitamin K1 epoxide, continuously consuming the available active vitamin K1 in the body, preventing the coagulation proteins from completing the carboxylation activation, and ultimately achieving the pharmacological effect of inhibiting blood coagulation.

Can a regular diet provide Vitamin K1 epoxide?

Daily diets cannot directly supplement (2,3-epoxyphytyl)menaquinone. Dark green vegetables like spinach and kale, as well as some vegetable oils, only contain native Vitamin K1 and not this epoxide component.

Phytonadione epoxide is not a naturally occurring substance found in plants; rather, it is a metabolic intermediate product specific to the human body. Simply put: when ingested Vitamin K1 participates in the activation of clotting proteins and completes its physiological functions, it is oxidized and temporarily converted into an epoxide form. This substance is then reduced and recycled by the body, returning to active Vitamin K1 for repeated use.

Therefore, food can only supplement Vitamin K1; Vitamin K1 epoxide is an intermediate product of human metabolism and cannot be directly ingested through diet.

MF of Vitamin K1 epoxide

CAS	25486-55-9
Molecular formula	C31H46O3
Molecular weight	466.7
EINECS	247-022-9
Density	1.019±0.06 g/cm3
Boiling point	561.1±50.0 °C

Specification

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FAQ: 

Q1:What is the relationship between Vitamin K1 epoxide and Vitamin K2?
Both belong to the vitamin K family in terms of chemical structure, but their side chains are different. (2,3-epoxyphytyl)menaquinone specifically refers to the epoxide derivative of vitamin K1, which is not the same substance as vitamin K2. There are also differences in their metabolic pathways and functions.
Q2:Is Vitamin K1 epoxide extracted from spinach?
No. Although spinach is rich in vitamin K1, (2,3-epoxyphytyl)menaquinone is produced when vitamin K1 is metabolized in the body. The products available on the market are mainly prepared through chemical synthesis.
Q3:Does Vitamin K1 epoxide have any side effects?

This compound is used solely for scientific research and is strictly confined to professional research fields. Its role in the body is as a metabolic intermediate. Certain physical and chemical properties indicate that it may be associated with potential toxicity risks, therefore, it is not recommended for self-use or ingestion.

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