Chlorhexidine Digluconate 20 CAS 18472-51-0

Chlorhexidine gluconate is a fast acting broad-spectrum bactericidal disinfectant that can quickly kill pyogenic cocci, intestinal pathogenic bacteria, common pathogenic bacteria in hospital infections, pathogenic bacteria in the air, and pathogenic yeast, etc. It is very suitable for long-term bactericidal protection against certain possible infections of the above bacteria. For example, the risk of skin exposure at the surgical site. Practice has proven that mixing the gluconic acid chlorhexidine with ethanol in a certain proportion to make Chlorhexidine Digluconate 20% disinfectant can quickly evaporate after using this product, and the disinfection effect can be achieved after about 1 minute of action. The applied area of the skin has no odor, does not contaminate clothing, and is non irritating to the skin. The next step of treatment can be carried out immediately.

What are the pharmacological effects of this product?

gluconate chlorhexidine is a cationic surface active preservative with broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. Especially the antibacterial effect of this product on Gram positive and negative bacteria is more significant than disinfection products such as benzalkonium bromide.
The mechanism of action of this product is to adsorb onto the osmotic barrier of bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, change the permeability of bacterial cell membrane, and cause the leakage of cellular contents to exert antibacterial effect. Clinical trials have found that this product is highly sensitive to certain Staphylococcus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and anaerobic propionic acid bacteria; Moderate sensitivity to Streptococcus pyogenes; Low sensitivity to Proteus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and Gram negative cocci (such as Veillonella). Toxicological tests on animals have found that Chlorhexidine Digluconate 20% disinfectant is non irritating to the skin and mucous membranes; The acute oral toxicity in rats is classified as practically non-toxic; No micronucleus inducing effect on mouse bone marrow polychromatic red blood cells; No toxic effects were observed in each dose group during the subacute toxicity test.

What are the clinical uses of this product?

Chlorhexidine gluconate not only has a rapid onset of action and remains effective in the presence of serum, blood, etc., but also has no corrosiveness to metals and fabrics, is slightly affected by organic matter, and has good stability. These characteristics make this product widely used.

1: Disinfection and anti-corrosion

Chlorhexidine is particularly effective against Gram positive bacteria (concentration ≥ 1 μ g/L). For Gram negative bacteria and fungi, significantly higher concentrations (10 to 73 μ g/mL or higher) are required. In terms of surgical cleaning, it is more effective than povidone iodine and is an effective disinfectant for upper limb surgery. Although spanning over a century, the efficacy of chlorhexidine gluconate against pathogens causing surgical site infections has not diminished, dispelling concerns about drug resistance.

2：Dental treatment

The use of chlorhexidine mouthwash combined with regular dental care can help reduce the accumulation of dental plaque and improve mild gingivitis. Chlorhexidine is a cation that interacts with anionic components in toothpaste, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium monofluorophosphate, to form salts with low solubility and reduced antibacterial activity. There is evidence to suggest that apart from causing tooth discoloration, the risks associated with this product appear to be similar to those of povidone iodine. However, recently there have been market launches of chlorhexidine mouthwash containing chelated zinc, which has a much lower degree of staining on teeth compared to traditional solutions.
In addition, in endodontics, chlorhexidine has been used for root canal irrigation and as an endodontic dressing. Toothpaste often contains small amounts of this product to improve the oral environment.

3：Other aspects:

Chlorhexidine gluconate has excellent characteristics of low concentration antibacterial activity and high concentration bactericidal activity. So, if we make it into a solution, it can be used for conditions such as pharyngitis and oral ulcers. If we make it into an ointment, it can be used for mild small area burns, scalds, traumatic infections, as well as eczema, acne, athlete's foot, etc. If made into mouthwash, it can be used for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases such as gingivitis, oral ulcers, pharyngitis, etc.
During surgery, 20% Chlorhexidine digluconate can be used as a skin cleaner for surgical scrubbing, a skin wound cleaner, a preoperative skin preparation, and a disinfectant hand sanitizer.
In the production of face cream, toothpaste, deodorant, antiperspirant and other cosmetics, as well as some drugs (such as preservatives in eye drops, active substances in wound dressings and active substances in antibacterial mouthwash), this product is often added in an appropriate amount to improve the efficacy of some aspects.
According to the latest report, chlorhexidine eye drops are not only used to treat Acanthamoeba keratitis, but moderate amounts of chlorhexidine are also used for umbilical cord care in infants and young children to prevent umbilical cord inflammation (umbilical cord inflammation).

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