Mangosteen Powder CAS 6147-11-1

Mangosteen shell, as a traditional medicine in Southeast Asian countries and regions, has been used for a long time to treat abdominal pain, diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, traumatic infection, suppuration, chronic ulcer and other diseases. Pale orange yellow Mangosteen shell extract contains many pharmacologically active components, including ketones, flavonoids, anthraquinones, fatty acids, sugars, protein, inorganic elements and so on. Among them, ketone compounds are the focus of the research on the chemical constituents of mangosteen shell, and also the source basis of the main pharmacological active substances in mangosteen shell extract. alpha--mangostin is an important xanthone compound in mangosteen shell, but the crude product contains β-mangostin, γ-mangostin and so on. It is difficult to obtain high purity α -mangostin powder by simple recrystallization. In industry, Mangosteen powder with purity of 70%-90% can be obtained by natural extraction and recrystallization, but the cost is high, and this can not meet the high purity requirements of pharmaceutical raw materials above 95%.

What are the research advances in the activity of mangosteen powder?

Mangosteen extract is derived from the effective components of natural mangosteen powder, which has the characteristics of safety, non-toxicity and long edible history. It is an important ancient medicinal material in ancient times, mainly used for the treatment of diarrhea, malaria, anti-inflammation and anti-ulcer, which provides a theoretical and applied basis for the in-depth study of α -mangostin as a medicine.
1. In the research progress of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:
ALS is a malignant neurodegenerative disease, the majority of which is the elderly, and the patients' behavioral ability is impaired after onset, thus seriously endangering the health of the elderly and the quality of life in their later years. In view of this situation, at present, only two products, Riluzole and Edaravone, have relief effect, but there is no medical case to show that they can fundamentally solve ALS. Therefore, developing a more effective treatment drug for ALS is a major news in the medical field. With the development of medical science, the mutation of SOD1 is one of the main causes of ALS, and the increase of SOD1 aggregates is one of the main pathological manifestations of SOD1-ALS. Therefore, reducing SOD1 aggregates becomes an effective theoretical method for treating ALS in the future.
China's research team found that Hot Sellers Mangosteen can restore the metabolic balance of microglia in SOD1-ALS model through AMPK, thus enhancing the uptake of SOD1 aggregates by microglia and its degradation through autophagy. A certain amount of free Mangostin was injected into the middle lumbar spinal cord of mice, which could decompose the SOD1 aggregate and relieve the symptoms of the disease.
2. In the research progress of brain stroke:
By optimizing the structure of alpha Mangostin in the School of Pharmacy of a university in China, the toxicity of α -mangostin was reduced, the neuroprotective activity and the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier were enhanced, and its medicinal properties were greatly improved. The team first explored and determined the toxic groups and active groups of α -mangostin by different cyclization methods, and then improved its pharmaceutical activity by introducing various functional groups at different sites, and finally got the candidate drug AMG-1. Pharmacodynamic evaluation in vivo showed that after AMG-1 treatment, the area of cerebral infarction in rats was significantly reduced, and its activity was equivalent to that of the positive drug 3-N-Butylphthalide 6066-49-5, and it showed better cerebral edema relief and better safety than the positive drug.
3. In the anti-cancer research:
China Academy of Sciences revealed the possible mechanism of α -mangostin powder inducing tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting the activity of fatty acid synthase. This study shows that α -mangostin has obvious inhibition on the activity of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. At a certain concentration, α -mangostin can obviously inhibit the expression and activity of fatty acid synthase and the content of fatty acids in cells, and at the same time, α -mangostin can also cause apoptosis, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress, but this phenomenon can be reversed by palmitic acid, the product of fatty acid synthase. In order to further study the relationship between them, the cells were treated with an inhibitor of autophagy and an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum stress combined with α-mangostin. The results showed that alpha-Mangostin could resist apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by fatty acid synthase, and autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress were also a cause of drug resistance of breast cancer cells.

What are the studies and explorations of mangosteen powder in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?

Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease closely related to metabolic disorders. Elevated levels of triglycerides (TG) in the liver can induce insulin resistance and the occurrence of other metabolic syndromes. ALPHA-Mangostin (α - MG) is the most abundant polyphenolic substance in the skin of mangosteen. Recent studies have shown that it has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. However, there is currently no research institution exploring the effects of alpha-Mangostin powder on hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance.
Researchers at Yonsei University's Wonju Medical College in South Korea randomly divided the test mice into a normal control diet group (RD group, n=10), RD+α - MG group (n=10), high-fat diet induced obesity group (HFD group, n=10), and HFD+α - MG group (n=10), and intervened for 12 weeks each. The dosage of Mangostin raw material is 50 mg/kg/day. At baseline and at the end of the intervention, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure plasma glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and adiponectin levels; The liver fat content was determined using histological evaluation method, and the levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) in liver tissue were measured using immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of fatty acid synthesis gene markers (SREBP1c, LPL, SCD1, C/EBPa, and FasN) was measured using real-time quantitative PCR.
The latest research shows that compared with the HFD group, mice in the HFD+α - MG group showed a significant reduction in body weight and liver weight, a significant decrease in plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels, a significant increase in adiponectin levels, and a significant downregulation of mRNA levels of fatty acid synthesis genes. The results of liver immunohistochemistry analysis showed that α - MG can reduce the protein expression of SREBP1 and ACC in the liver tissue of HFD mice. In addition, studies have shown that α - MG can significantly improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in HFD mice. In summary, Mangosteen Powder has the ability to delay the occurrence of insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in HFD mice.

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