Tetrahydrozoline HCl CAS 522-48-5

What is Tetrahydrozoline ?

TETRAHYDROZOLINEHYDROCHLORIDE, USP, was originally developed by an overseas pharmaceutical company and officially launched on the market as early as 1954. 2-Tetralin-1-yl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole hydrochloride is a synthetic imidazolidine derivative, commonly used as a topical vasoconstrictor. It targets alpha-adrenergic receptors in the body, causing the smooth muscle of small arteries and capillaries on the skin surface to tighten and constrict, while also quickly relieving local congestion and swelling. 

In daily use, this ingredient is mostly formulated into nasal sprays and topical drops, which are very effective in improving external irritation, allergic discomfort, mild inflammation, and eye redness caused by fatigue. It can also relieve breathing difficulties caused by nasal cavity swelling.

Tetrahydrozoline HCl has a direct and fast-acting effect in relieving congestion and discomfort, but it is not recommended for long-term continuous use. Long-term and frequent use may cause a rebound in discomfort and may lead to abnormal nasal conditions. Therefore, it is more suitable for short-term use as needed to improve temporary discomfort symptoms.

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What is the mechanism of action of Tetrahydrozoline?

Tetrahydrozoline HCl primarily acts on α1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle and is an α-adrenergic receptor agonist. When used topically (e.g., as eye drops or nasal spray), it selectively activates these receptors, triggering vasoconstriction and rapidly reducing local blood flow, thus alleviating tissue edema and congestion. This is why it can quickly eliminate red eyes or relieve nasal congestion. It's important to note that its mechanism of action is symptomatic rather than etiological-it only temporarily masks or relieves the symptoms of congestion without addressing the underlying cause (such as allergies, infections, or fatigue). Furthermore, because Tetrahydrozoline Hydrochloride (200 mg) does not act on β receptors, it has minimal systemic effects on heart rate, blood pressure, etc., but long-term or excessive use may still lead to rebound congestion or  rhinitis.

What are the "cross-border" applications of Tetrahydrozoline?

The most common use of TETRAHYDROZOLINEHYDROCHLORIDE, USP, is as a nasal decongestant and soothing agent. It's found in many daily nasal sprays and topical preparations for relieving cold and rhinitis discomfort. It works very quickly, and the soothing effect can last for several hours.

Besides daily topical use, Tetrahydrozoline HCl is also frequently used in ENT clinical settings, often for local examinations or pre-operative mucosal treatment. Its vasoconstrictive properties reduce local blood flow in the nasal cavity and throat, allowing medical staff to clearly observe the affected area and effectively reducing the probability of bleeding during procedures.

However, this ingredient poses a risk of misuse. Because it is colorless and odorless, it can easily be intentionally mixed into beverages. This substance can cross the blood-brain barrier and act on related receptors in the central nervous system. Accidental ingestion can easily cause lethargy, confusion, slowed heart rate, and a sudden drop in blood pressure. In severe cases, it can even affect normal breathing, making it highly insidious and extremely harmful.

Not only in humans, but also in veterinary medicine (especially for small dogs), accidental ingestion of eye drop bottles containing tetrahydrozoline is a common emergency poisoning incident. Animal poisoning manifests as lethargy, bradycardia, hypothermia, and hypotension.

MF of Tetrahydrozline

Molecular weight	236.74
Melting point	248-251°C
Storage conditions	Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
Solubility	Easily soluble in water
SMILES	C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)C1=NCCN1.Cl

Specification

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FAQ:

Q1: What is tetrahydrozoline  0.05% eye drops?
2-Tetralin-1-yl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole hydrochloride has a good anti-swelling effect and is used to relieve the redness of the eyes caused by minor eye irritations (such as swimming, dust or smoke). Its mechanism of action is to temporarily constrict the blood vessels in the eyes.
Q2: How long does Tetrahydrozoline Hydrochloride (200 mg) remain in the body?
Its effectiveness depends primarily on individual liver and kidney function. Specifically, the product has a half-life of approximately 6 hours in the blood and is essentially eliminated within 1.5 days. It can also be detected in urine for at least 24 hours.
Q3: Is Tetrahydrozoline hyrdrochloride a poison?

Tetrahydrozoline HCl is essentially a variant of imidazolidine, primarily found in over-the-counter eye drops and nasal sprays. However, ingestion of this product can cause mild poisoning, which is harmful to the body.

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