Kojic Acid Powder CAS 501-30-4

Kojic acid Powder, a pyrone derivative, is a substance produced by the metabolism of many Aspergillus fungi such as Aspergillus Oryzae.

The kojic acid crystals are prismatic, acicular, and colorless. Soluble in water, alcohol, and acetone, slightly soluble in ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and pyridine, insoluble in most other solvents, and insoluble in benzene. It can be purified by crystallization in solvents such as acetone and ethyl acetate, or sublimated under reduced pressure at 150 ~ 200℃. The melting point is 151 ~ 154℃. Kojic acid and its 5,7-diethyl derivative have specific absorption peaks at 315nm and 255nm respectively. It is unstable to light and heat. When kojic acid solution with a concentration of 0.5% is treated at 100℃ for 3 hours or irradiated by sunlight for 5 hours at different pH values, the solution becomes yellowish-brown in the range of pH 5 ~ 7, but it has little change at pH4. It reacts with ferric trichloride in a special red color, and kojic acid can be quantified by this method. It can reduce Fehring reagent and ammonium nitrate. In its molecular structure, there is an alcoholic hydroxyl group near the carbonyl group, which can form salts with various metals, and other hydroxyl groups can form ether and ester derivatives.

Where does kojic acid come from?

Kojic acid is a secondary metabolite from microorganisms, which has no physiological toxicity and a simple structure. However, because of the instability of its enol structure, kojic acid is often modified and derived as a skeleton, such as kojic acid Dipalmitate and kojic acid ester. These derivatives not only improve the solubility and stability of kojic acid in oily cosmetics but also greatly improve its biological activity.

Kojic acid was first found in soy sauce brewed by Aspergillus Oryzae, and later many researchers also separated kojic acid from fermentation products of some strains of Aspergillusflavus, and the yield was higher than that of Aspergillus Oryzae. However, Aspergillusflavus fermentation not only produces kojic acid but also produces aflatoxin, a strong carcinogen. Some scholars studied 149 Aspergillus Oryzae strains and 46 Aspergillusflavus strains and found that all Aspergillus Flavus produced kojic acid and 34 strains produced aflatoxin at the same time. However, only 105 strains of Aspergillus Oryzae produce kojic acid and none of them produce aflatoxin. Therefore, when Aspergillusflavus is selected as the Kojic acid-producing strain, attention should be paid to safety.

How does the kojic acid component of whitening freckles work?

Kojic acid Powder is a skin conditioner, antioxidant, and freckle removing agent. In human skin, tyrosine and oxygen free radicals undergo complex oxidation and polymerization under the catalysis of tyrosinase, and finally, melanin is synthesized. It can inhibit the synthesis of tyrosinase, so it can strongly inhibit the formation of skin melanin, which is safe and nontoxic. Therefore, it has been mixed into lotion, facial masks, lotion, and skin cream to make high-grade whitening cosmetics that can effectively treat freckles, age spots, pigmentation, and acne. The concentration of 20ug/ml kojic acid can inhibit 70 ~ 80% activity of various tyrosinases (or polyphenol oxidase PPO), and the general addition amount in cosmetics is 0.5 ~ 2.0%. However, it is highly allergenic and may produce irritating contact dermatitis and leukoplakia.

What are the functions of kojic acid?

1. kojic acid is used in the cosmetics field:

In human skin, tyrosine and oxygen free radicals undergo complex oxidation and polymerization under the catalysis of tyrosinase, and finally, melanin is synthesized. It can inhibit the synthesis of tyrosinase, so it can strongly inhibit the formation of skin melanin, and it is safe and non-toxic, and will not produce leukoplakia sequelae. Therefore, it has been mixed into lotion, facial masks, lotion, and skin cream to make high-grade whitening cosmetics that can effectively treat freckles, age spots, pigmentation, acne, etc. The concentration of 20ug/ml kojic acid can inhibit 70 ~ 80% activity of various tyrosinases (or polyphenol oxidase PPO), and the general addition amount in cosmetics is 0.5 ~ 2.0%.

2. It is applied in the field of food processing:

It can be used as a food additive and has the functions of freshness preservation, antisepsis, and antioxidation. Experiments show that it can inhibit the transformation of sodium nitrite in bacon into carcinogenic nitrosamines, and kojic acid added to food will not affect the taste, aroma, and texture of food. It is also the raw material for producing maltol and ethyl maltol, and it is widely used in food processing.

3. It is applied in the field of medicine:

Because it has no mutagenic effect on eukaryotic cells, can eliminate the internal free radicals of the human body, enhance the power of white blood cells, etc., and is beneficial to human health, it has been used as the raw material of cephalosporin antibiotics, and the finished products produced are used to treat headache, toothache, local inflammation and other diseases, and the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects are very ideal.

4. It is applied in the agricultural field:

It can be used to produce biological pesticides. Bio-trace fertilizer (deep red liquid) made of 0.5 ~ 1.0% kojic acid, whether sprayed as foliar fertilizer at low concentration or made into a growth and yield-increasing agent for root application, has an obvious yield-increasing effect on food and vegetables.

5. In other fields:

It can also be used as an iron analysis reagent, film spot remover, etc.

6. There is a risk of cancer;

7. kojic acid and its derivatives are used as whitening agents in the cosmetics industry, and can also play an antiseptic and moisturizing role. In the food industry, it is used as a food additive, preservative, preservative, and color fixative. It can also be used as a raw material for preparing flavoring agents maltol and ethyl maltol. Can also be used as an intermediate for producing cephalosporin antibiotics. It can also be used to produce pesticides and insecticides.

8. kojic acid and its derivatives, such as acetate, have certain antibacterial properties, and have no one-off irritation and accumulated irritation to the skin, so they can be used as preservatives for cosmetics and food. It can strongly absorb ultraviolet rays and can be used alone or in combination with various sunscreen products such as soap. It can treat and prevent the formation of skin spots, such as liver spots, with obvious effects when the dosage is 1% ~ 2.5%. Helps maintain humidity and reduce skin wrinkles. Add dandruff remover to hair products.

Safety of kojic acid?

Whether kojic acid has a mutagenic effect on biological genetic material, except that kojic acid can induce gene mutation of some strains of Salmonella and Bacillus subtilis, different researchers have different conclusions. Numerous studies have shown that Kojic acid-induced thyroid hyperplasia has nothing to do with the genotoxic pathway. High-dose kojic acid can inhibit iodine absorption, and induce thyroid hyperplasia and adenoma in mice and rats. Adding kojic acid to food may induce thyroid adenoma, but at present, the experiment is limited to mice and rats, and there is no other animal test evidence. However, kojic acid concentration in food is extremely low, so it should be safe to use it under normal circumstances.

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Note: This compound should be used for research purposes only. These claims have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Please consult your doctor and learn about available studies before using them. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

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