Carmustine Powder CAS 154-93-8

Carmustine Powder is a nitrourea alkylating agent sold under the BiCNU brand. Although there is chloroethyl in the structure, the chemical reaction is different from that of nitrogen mustard. Because it can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, it is often used for brain tumors and intracranial metastases.

What is the new understanding of carmustine?

It is now considered that after entering the human body, the Carmustine Powder forms isocyanate and diazo hydroxide through the action of OH - ions under physiological conditions. Isocyanate makes protein carbamoyl, and diazo hydroxide generates positive carbon ions to alkylate biological macromolecules. The isocyanate can inhibit DNA polymerase, DNA repair, and RNA synthesis. This product is a cycle nonspecific drug and has no complete cross-resistance with general alkylating agents. The resistance of nitrite drugs has little to do with multidrug resistance genes. This product is highly fat-soluble and can pass through the blood-brain barrier. The concentration in cerebrospinal fluid is 50% ~ 70% of that in plasma. It is mainly metabolized in the liver. The metabolites stay in the plasma for several days and still have an anti-cancer effect. After binding with protein, they are released slowly and have a lasting effect.

What are the mechanism and use of carmustine?

Carmustine Powder is used as an alkylating agent to treat many types of brain cancer, including glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, medulloblastoma, and astrocytoma), multiple myeloma and lymphoma (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin). As an alkylating agent, carmustine can form interchain cross-links in DNA, thus preventing DNA replication and DNA transcription.

Carmustine has sometimes been used in combination with alkyl guanine transferase (GAT) inhibitors, such as o 6 - benzylamine. AGT inhibitors increase the efficacy of carmustine by inhibiting the direct reversal pathway of DNA repair, which will prevent the formation of interstrand cross-linking between N 1 of guanine and N 3 of cytosine.

It is also used as part of a chemotherapy regimen to prepare for a blood stem cell transplant, or a bone marrow transplant, to reduce the recipient's white blood cell count. Use under this protocol, usually with fludarabine and melphalan, was developed by oncologists at the MD Anderson Cancer Center at the University of Texas.

Can carmustine cause physiological hair loss?

The occurrence of hair loss is due to the inability of chemotherapy to distinguish between friend and foe, especially for all rapidly dividing fine cells, whether they are healthy or not, they will be targeted. Hair follicles are structures in the skin filled with tiny blood vessels, responsible for the formation of hair. It is one of the fastest growing cells in the human body. If you don't receive cancer treatment, your hair follicles will split every 23 to 72 hours. Due to many chemotherapy drugs aimed at effectively killing all rapidly dividing cells, your hair becomes an unfortunate bystander, shedding as cancer cells die. This situation is a common adverse reaction of anti-tumor drugs, and Carmustine powder is not immune. According to data statistics, combination chemotherapy is more likely to cause hair loss than single chemotherapy, and 50% of patients may also experience permanent hair loss.

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