P21 Peptide

P21 peptide is a synthetic neuroprotective peptide derived from the most active region of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) (amino acid residues 148-151). It is a tetrapeptide derivative extracted from CNTF using epitope mapping technology and specifically modified (e.g., by adding adamantylglycine) to enhance blood-brain barrier penetration and stability. P21 peptide is a promising neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing peptide that works through mechanisms such as enhancing BDNF signaling, promoting neurogenesis, and inhibiting neurodegenerative diseases. Although currently primarily limited to research applications, it shows great potential in the fields of neuroprotection, anti-aging, and cognitive enhancement.

P21 peptide exerts neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects through multiple pathways:
Enhance BDNF signaling: Significantly increase the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), promote neuronal growth and survival, and enhance synaptic plasticity;
Inhibition of the LIF pathway: As an inhibitor of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signaling, it relieves the inhibition of nerve regeneration.
Promote neurogenesis: Stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in brain regions such as the hippocampus, and increase the number of new neurons;
tau protein regulation: Reduce GSK3β activity, decrease excessive phosphorylation of tau protein, and prevent the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (a characteristic lesion of Alzheimer's disease);
Antioxidant protection: Reduces oxidative stress damage and protects neurons from β -amyloid protein toxicity.