What is Sulfamethoxazole?
Sulfamethoxazole is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It has inhibitory effect on most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Sulfamethoxazole powder is a white crystalline powder, odorless and slightly bitter. Melting point is 168℃. Almost insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide solution or ammonia solution.
Sulfamethoxazole is an intermediate sulfanilamide with broad-spectrum antibacterial effect. Sulfonamides are broad-spectrum bacteriostats, which are similar to p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in structure, and can compete with PABA to act on dihydrofolate synthase in bacteria, thus preventing PABA from being used as raw material to synthesize folic acid needed by bacteria, reducing the amount of tetrahydrofolate with metabolic activity, while the latter is an essential substance for bacteria to synthesize purine, thymidine and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), thus inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria.
| Product name | Sulfamethoxazole |
| CAS | 723-46-6 |
| Molecular formula | C10H11N3O3S |
| Molecular weight | 253.28 |
| EINECS Number | 211-963-3 |
| Storage condition | Keep in dark place,Inert atmosphere,Room temperature |
| Melting point | 166 °C |
| Solubility | Almost insoluble in water, soluble in acetone and slightly soluble in ethanol (96%). Soluble in dilute sodium hydroxide solution and dilute acid. |
| Appearance | White to light yellow powder |
| Boiling point | 482℃ |
| Density | 1.3915 (rough estimate) |
What is the mechanism of action of Sulfamethoxazole?
We know that bacteria need tetrahydrofolate, a folic acid derivative, as its auxiliary factor to synthesize thymidine, purine and finally DNA. Most bacterial cells cannot allow folic acid to penetrate, but must be synthesized with p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Sulfonamides are similar to PABA in structure, so they can competitively inhibit the synthesis of dihy-dropteroicacid, the direct precursor of dihydrofolate, from PABA and pteridine. Mammalian cells are not inhibited because they need folic acid in advance and cannot synthesize it. Sulfamethoxazole powder is mainly a bacteriostatic agent, but when bacteria grow in the substrate containing purine and amino acid and the concentration of thyminelessdeath low, exposure to sulfanilamide can produce bactericidal effect, that is, "thymine deficiency death". This bactericidal effect has been proved in human blood and urine (Then and Angehrn, 1973A and b; See also Pratt and Fekety, 1986). The inhibition of bacterial cell growth induced by sulfonamides can be reversed if some substances (such as thymidine, purine, methionine and serine) are added to the growth matrix in vitro. This situation may have important clinical significance, because the pus produced by cell destruction may contain many of these substances, so the drug action may be inhibited due to the existence of these substances in purulent infection. Furthermore, when testing drug sensitivity in vitro, there should be no PABA in the culture medium, even a small amount can interfere with the test results.
Product Specification
| Item | Specification | Results |
| Appearance | Powder | Complies |
| Color | White fine Powder | Complies |
| Particle Size | 100% pass 80 mesh | Complies |
| Oder | Characteristic | Complies |
| Taste | Characteristic | Complies |
| Loss on Drying | ≤5.0% | 2.20% |
| Residue on Ignition | ≤0.1% | 0.05% |
| Heave Metals | ≤10ppm | Complies |
| Na | ≤0.1% | <0.1% |
| Pb | ≤3 ppm | Complies |
| Total Plate | <1000CFU/g | Complies |
| Yeast & Mold | <100 CFU /g | Complies |
| E. Coli | Negative | Complies |
| Salmonella | Negative | Complies |
| Conclusion: Conform with USP Standard | ||
What are the uses of Sulfamethoxazole?
1. Sulfamethoxazole powder is a sulfonamide, which is mainly used to treat acute and chronic urinary tract infections, as well as to prevent meningitis and acute otitis media caused by influenza Bacillus.
2. It is an anti-infective drug, which is used to prevent urinary tract infection, respiratory tract infection, intestinal infection, Salmonella infection, acute otitis media in children and meningitis.
3. As an antibacterial agent, it is especially effective for staphylococcus and Escherichia coli. It is mainly used to treat poultry cholera.
4. Sulfamethoxazole can inhibit the growth of bacteria, especially for staphylococcus and Escherichia coli, and has a good effect on treating urinary tract infections and poultry littering.
5. Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide antibiotic, which inhibits dihydropterate synthase, thus blocking the synthesis of dihydrofolate. Mode of action: inhibiting the synthesis of folic acid in prokaryotes.
HTML5 atlas of Sulfamethoxazole
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Application of Sulfamethoxazole:
1. The combination of Sulfamethoxazole powder and paracetamol can significantly prolong or strengthen the antibacterial effect of sulfamethoxazole, increase the blood concentration of sulfamethoxazole and enhance the curative effect.
2. Treatment of chicken rhinitis: sulfamethoxazole 20 g+sulfadimethoxine sodium 20 g+cyclopropyl lactate 15 g+tmp lactate 8 g+paracetamol 15 g (the dosage is 300-400 kg of water), and the dosage should be increased or decreased according to the serious condition.
3. Treat pullorum and Streptococcus pneumoniae. 20 g of sulfamethoxazole+20 g of sulfamethoxazole sodium+8 g of trimethoprim (300 kg of water).
4. Treatment of bacterial enteritis: SMZ-20 g+Kanamycin 15 g+Tinidazole 15 g+Lactic acid TMP 7 g (the dosage is 250-300 kg of water), among which SMZ+Kanamycin is one of the first choice drugs for chicken intestinal infection, in addition to its obvious synergistic effect. At the same time, compound Tinidazole can obviously expand the sterilization range of antibacterial spectrum. More importantly, the addition of Lactic acid TMP,
5. Chicken Candida albicans infection: Miconazole+sulfamethoxazole, combined with the two drugs, can significantly enhance the anti-candida albicans infection effect in vitro.
6. Levamisole combined with compound sulfamethoxazole is mostly used to treat chicken toxoplasmosis, which can destroy worms, reduce antigen stimulation and improve symptoms.
7. Tylosin+SMZ+TMP lactate can be used for the prevention and treatment of swine dysentery, bacterial pneumonia, enteritis, poultry cholera, and chicken-borne nose diseases.
Is Sulfamethoxazole an antibiotic?
Sulfamethoxazole belongs to sulfanilamide antibiotics, and sulfamethoxazole can be used to treat simple urinary tract infection caused by sensitive bacteria infection. In addition, when cervicitis or urethritis caused by chlamydia trachomatis infection occurs, Sulfamethoxazole can also be used under the guidance of a doctor.
Sulfamethoxazole combined with trimethoprim can also be used to treat otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae infection. In addition, patients with chancre caused by Haemophilus duklei can also use sulfamethoxazole as prescribed.
What are the precautions for using Sulfamethoxazole powder?
1. Cross allergic reaction. Patients who are allergic to one sulfonamide may also be allergic to other sulfonamides.
2. Liver damage. Jaundice, liver function decline and acute liver necrosis can occur in severe cases, so patients with liver function damage should avoid application.
3. Kidney damage. Crystalline urine, hematuria and tubular urine can occur, so you should drink more water and maintain high urine flow during the use of Sulfamethoxazole to prevent this adverse reaction.
5. Patients who are allergic to furosemide, irony, thiazide diuretics, sulfonylureas and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors may also be allergic to sulfonamides.
6. The blood drug concentration of severely infected patients should be determined, which is effective for most patients with infectious diseases with free sulfanilamide concentration of 50~150ug/ml (120 ~ 150 ug/ml for severely infected patients).
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